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Opinion: The Reliance-Disney Star Merger

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GV Krishnamurthy (GVK)
GV Krishnamurthy (GVK)

Reliance’s acquisition of Disney Star’s India business is more than a corporate transaction it’s a seismic event that is reshape India’s media and entertainment landscape. By uniting Disney+ Hotstar, Viacom’s and Disney Star’s entire television portfolio (including GECs, movies, music, and sports channels), premium sports rights, and an extensive distribution network under one umbrella, Reliance has forged an end-to-end powerhouse that spans content creation, distribution, and monetisation.

What’s Included in the Deal

  • Disney+ Hotstar: India’s leading OTT platform, with over 55 million paid subscribers.
  • Television Channels: Viacom’s and Disney Star’s portfolio including GECs (family-viewing channels), movies, music, and sports channels.
  • Sports Rights: Exclusive digital (IPL, ICC tournaments) and television rights for cricket arguably the crown jewel of Indian sports broadcasting.
  • Distribution Infrastructure: While not part of this acquisition, Reliance already owns JioFiber (broadband), JioCinema (OTT), DEN Networks, and Hathway (cable distribution). These existing assets give Reliance near-complete control over the “pipeline” from studio to sofa. Moreover, Reliance is in advanced talks with multiple other MSO’s across the country for potential acquisitions, further extending its grip on distribution and last-mile connectivity.

Industry Snapshot (2024–25)

  • Total M&E Market: ₹ 2.5 trillion (US $ 29.4 billion) in 2024, up 3.3 percent year-on-year.
  • Digital Media: Now the largest segment, contributing 32 percent of overall revenues (₹ 802 billion in 2024, +17 percent YoY).
  • Television: Under pressure revenues fell 4.5 percent in 2024 after a 2 percent drop in 2023.
  • OTT Platforms: The market reached ₹ 37,940 crore in FY 24–25, with Disney+ Hotstar and JioCinema leading in subscriber count and engagement.
  • Digital Advertising: Grew 21.1 percent in 2024 to ₹ 49,251 crore, driven by performance marketing and digital OOH.
  • Sports Industry: Valued at roughly US $ 52 billion, outpacing telecom in growth underscoring how premium cricket rights command top dollar.

Vertical Integration & Synergies

  1. End-to-End Control
  • Reliance now “owns the entire stack”: licensing Disney Star originals for Hotstar, producing Hotstar exclusives, airing Viacom’s/Disney Star’s prime-time shows, and controlling cable distribution (DEN, Hathway), broadband (JioFiber), and streaming (JioCinema).
  • This vertical integration grants unprecedented leverage over advertising inventory, subscription pricing, and promotional bundling.
  1. Digital Dominance
  • Merging Disney+ Hotstar’s 55 million + paid users with JioCinema’s free and paid tiers accelerates scale: Reliance can claim India’s largest OTT subscriber base, eclipsing Netflix, Prime Video, Zee5, SonyLIV, and MX Player.
  • In sports streaming especially IPL—Reliance will funnel all premium cricket rights through JioCinema/Hotstar (Now Jio Hotstar), making it nearly impossible for rivals to compete.
  1. Consumer Convenience (& Concerns)
  • A single “one-stop shop” could yield unified apps, bundled subscriptions, and integrated user accounts (watch history, recommendations, payments) across sports, movies, series, and live TV.
  • Conversely, fewer standalone subscription options, potential price hikes, and more aggressive ad loads could erode consumer choice over time.

The Upside: Scale, Simplification, Innovation

  • Unmatched Scale: Reliance is now India’s biggest content owner across TV, digital, and sports. Advertisers face a single entity controlling an estimated 70 percent of premium inventory across multiple screens.
  • Operational Synergies: Shared technology platforms (CDN’s, recommendation engines, ad servers), unified data analytics (viewership patterns across cable and OTT), and cross-promotion between Jio’s telecom user base and Disney Star’s loyal subscribers create cost efficiencies.
  • Content-Tech Fusion: Reliance can leverage Jio’s first-party data (demographics, broadband usage) to personalise recommendations on Hotstar/JioCinema potentially leapfrogging global OTT competitors on engagement.

The Downside: Monopoly Risks, Creative Constraints, Market Distortion

  1. Agency Dynamics Shift
  • Historically, media agencies negotiated rates between multiple broadcasters and platforms. Now, with Reliance controlling both inventory (Viacom’s/Disney Star channels, Hotstar, JioCinema) and distribution (DEN, Hathway), bargaining power tilts heavily toward the seller.
  • “Rate cards” may become non-negotiable. Agencies will have little choice but to buy standardised packages; volume or loyalty discounts could vanish.
  1. Barrier to New Entrants
  • Startups or mid-sized OTT platforms will struggle to secure marquee content or premium sports rights. Content budgets must now compete not just on creative merit, but on distribution scale that few niche players can match.
  • Regional players need deep pockets or must carve hyper-niche segments (e.g., ultra-local language web series, micro-genres) to remain relevant.
  1. Regulatory Blind Spots
  • The Competition Commission of India (CCI) may face scrutiny over ultra consolidation: one entity controlling content creation, rights, advertising inventory, cable networks, broadband, and mobile distribution.
  • Cricket rights alone account for over half of Hotstar’s subscription revenue; funneling them exclusively through Jio platforms could be construed as anti-competitive, especially if bundled with telecom/broadband plans.

TV vs Digital: Is Traditional Media on Borrowed Time?

  • Linear TV’s Lingering Reach
  • Over 220 million TV households still rely on cable and satellite, especially in Tier II/III towns and rural areas. Broadcasters like Sun TV, Zee (Z), and Sony remain vital for regional GEC, movie, music, and sports content.
  • Yet, ad revenue on TV is in decline: a 4.5 percent drop in 2024 signals waning advertiser interest as digital viewership grows.
  • Digital Acceleration
  • Reliance’s play: shift viewers (and ad dollars) behind the paywall. Live sports, family-drama serials, and Bollywood blockbusters once free on TV now become premium digital offerings.
  • TV networks that can’t pivot risk losing viewer mindshare. Regional channels with strong local content can still thrive but only if they adapt distribution (e.g., launch affordable OTT tiers, partner with rural broadband initiatives).

Implications for Stakeholders

  1. Regional Broadcasters
  • Must invest aggressively in digital analytics, localised OTT platforms, and community engagement. Deep cultural resonance (dialects, folklore, hyper-local stories) will be their competitive moat.
  • Lower-cost subscription models tailored to sub-₹ 200 per month can win over price-sensitive viewers in Bharat.
  1. National Networks (Sony, Zee (Z), Viacom18, Sun TV, Enterr10 etc..)
  • Reassess partnerships: explore tie-ups with telecom or tech firms (e.g., partnering with Airtel, GenNext Technologies) for distribution.
  • Double down on original IP franchise series, reality shows with big-ticket sponsors, and co-productions with international studios to differentiate from Reliance’s mass-market offerings.
  1. Agencies
  • With price negotiation power eroding, agencies must pivot from “media buying” to “media advisory.” Clients will value data-driven insights: ROI-focused planning, attribution modelling, cross-channel synergy.
  • Emphasize programmatic efficiency and performance marketing where small-to-mid-tier publishers or digital-first platforms may still offer yield at competitive CPMs.
  1. Brands & Marketers
  • Initially, many may pay a premium to maintain reach especially during high-visibility events like IPL. But if ROI doesn’t justify costs, they will explore alternatives: influencer marketing, regional OTT tie-ups, or direct-to-consumer (D2C) digital campaigns.
  • Data transparency becomes paramount: brands will demand third-party viewability audits (e.g., Nielsen Digital Ad Ratings) to measure actual engagement rather than relying solely on Reliance’s dashboards.
  1. Content Creators
  • Big studios may receive first priority for budgets benefiting those who can deliver franchise-worthy content. Niche filmmakers, indie creators, and regional storytellers must forge alliances with alternative platforms (e.g., Hoichoi for Bengali, Aha for Telugu) or pivot to short-form verticals (YouTube, Instagram Reels) to stay visible.
  1. Consumers
  • Short-Term Gains: Consolidated bundling could drive down monthly subscription costs (e.g., “Jio + Hotstar bundle at ₹ 299/month” instead of separate ₹ 199 + ₹ 399 plans).
  • Long-Term Risks: Less diversity of choice. As content libraries consolidate, viewers may face higher renewal rates, bundled ad loads, and fewer alternatives. Subscription fatigue and churn could rise unless Reliance maintains clear value.

Consequences for Brands

If Disney Star-Reliance hikes CPM’s for digital without improving transparent measurement or drives up CPRP’s for linear TV while viewership data remains opaque brands risk plowing budgets into “black boxes.” Over time, they may demand:

  • Independent viewability audits (to validate impressions and completion rates).
  • A/B testing of ad creatives (to optimise audience engagement).
  • Stronger ROI guarantees, such as pay-per-view or pay-per-action models, and performance-based buys.

The Bigger Picture: Beyond Media—A Market Realignment

While Reliance-Disney Star consolidation focuses on supply-side dominance, an equally powerful force looms on the demand side: agency consolidation. If Omnicom and IPG merge to become the largest holding company and WPP remains the other global giant then two behemoths (WPP and the combined Omnicom-IPG) would command most major brand budgets. The result? A duopoly on both supply (Disney Star-Reliance) and demand (WPP and Omnicom-IPG), controlling over 70 percent of market flow.

  • Ad Pricing: Will be “dictated, not negotiated.” Scarce premium inventory means standardised packages at premium price points; custom campaigns or bulk discounts become expensive.
  • Innovation at Risk: With giant duopolies focused on protecting margins, experimental or niche content may struggle to secure funding. Unless smaller players innovate in distribution (e.g., programmatic guaranteed, private marketplaces), creative diversity could shrink.
  • ROI Under Pressure :As transparent measurement erodes—both in TV (BARC controversies) and digital (no independent auditing)—brands may struggle to optimise spends. When ROI dips, they will shift budgets into alternative channels: performance marketing, influencer collaborations, regional platforms, or direct social engagement.

Final Thoughts: A New Era of Convergence and Competition

Reliance’s acquisition of Disney Star India isn’t just asset consolidation; it’s a strategic blueprint for the future of Indian entertainment. By owning content, distribution, data, and monetisation, Reliance is poised to define what a billion Indians watch, how they watch it, and at what cost. But with that power comes responsibility: to maintain competitive pricing, transparent measurement, and a diverse content slate across languages and genres.

The winners in this new paradigm will be those who:

  1. Embrace Transparency
  • Adopt independent measurement tools (third-party view ability, brand lift studies, A/B testing frameworks).
  • Provide granular insights into audience behaviour, cross-platform engagement, and incremental lift.
  1. Innovate at the Edge
  • Launch hyper-local or niche offerings whether a Tamil thriller anthology on Aha, a Marathi short-form series on MX Player, or a gaming-centric OTT hub targeting Gen Z.
  • Leverage emerging technologies (AR/VR matchday experiences, interactive storytelling) to differentiate.
  1. Prioritise Data-Driven ROI Models
  • Move beyond “reach and frequency” to “engagement and conversion.”
  • Offer performance-based advertising options (e.g., pay-per-click, pay-per-view) alongside traditional CPM/CPRP buys.
  1. Champion Consumer Choice
  • Bundle sensibly: avoid forcing consumers into “all-or-nothing” packages.
  • Maintain a freemium (ad-supported) tier for price-sensitive segments, while offering customisation for premium viewers.
  • At its core, media and entertainment exist to serve viewers and to amplify brands’ stories. If measurement and choice erode under duopolistic pressures, the entire ecosystem risks stagnation. Yet history shows that every Goliath makes room for a new David: a nimble competitor armed with deep local insights, a transparent value proposition, and a relentless focus on user experience.

The future belongs not to the largest checkbook, but to those who deliver transparent value at scale, in real time, and with unwavering focus on both viewer delight and brand performance. Let the new media game begin. But let’s remember: in every era of consolidation, there’s always room for innovative challengers who rewrite the rules.



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Making The Climb: 2025 Akron Athletics Fall Academic Success

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AKRON, Ohio – Student-athletes at the University of Akron combined to achieve a department-wide grade point average of 3.217 in the fall 2025 semester.

Collectively, Akron student-athletes own a cumulative departmental GPA of 3.27, with more than 69 percent of Zips maintaining an individual cumulative GPA of 3.00 or better at Akron.

 

The Zips registered 32 Academic All-Mid-American Conference selections across its five MAC-sponsored teams for the 2025 fall campaign.

 

For the fall semester of 2025, 14 of 16 Akron athletics teams achieved a semester grade point average of 3.00 or higher, led by women’s soccer earning a 3.72 team GPA for the semester. Additionally, swimming and diving (3.675), softball (3.609), rifle (3.59), lacrosse (3.563), women’s cross country (3.518), golf (3.472), baseball (3.30), women’s basketball (3.263), women’s track and field (3.241), men’s soccer (3.184), men’s cross country (3.178), volleyball (3.126) and men’s track and field (3.07) each surpassed the 3.00 team GPA threshold.

 

The excellence of the Zips in their academic studies was on display as nearly 73 percent of Akron’s student-athletes, 316 of 434, earned an individual GPA for the term of 3.0 or better, while more than 46 percent garnered a GPA of 3.50 or higher.

 

Fifty-three of the Zips’ student-athletes garnered a perfect 4.0 GPA for the fall semester, including lacrosse (7), women’s soccer (7), men’s soccer (6), swimming and diving (6), softball (5), women’s basketball (4), men’s track and field (4), women’s track and field (4), baseball (2), women’s cross country (2), football (2), rifle (2) and volleyball (2).

 

Football paced the combined list with 44 Zips earning between a 3.0-3.99 for the fall semester. They were followed by swimming and diving (32), baseball (26), lacrosse (24), women’s track and field (22), women’s soccer (19), softball (16), men’s track and field (16), men’s soccer (14), volleyball (10), men’s basketball (9), rifle (9), women’s basketball (7), golf (7) women’s cross country (5) and men’s cross country (3).

 

Sixteen Zips earned their degrees from the University of Akron following the fall 2025 semester.

 



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Hawaii men’s volleyball preview: Setter Tread Rosenthal

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Pride Picked Third in GNAC Men’s Volleyball Preseason Poll

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WESTON, Mass. — As announced by the Great Northeast Athletic Conference (GNAC), the Regis College men’s volleyball team has been picked third in the conference’s preseason poll, totaling 40 points. Reigning GNAC champions Wentworth Institute of Technology claimed the top spot with 62 points and six first-place votes, while crosstown rival Lasell University earned the remaining two first-place votes to finish second.

The Pride return a strong core of veteran leadership along with a talented group of up-and-coming players.

Brandon Valdes and Jalen Watt return as the team’s top attackers after posting 292 and 218 kills, respectively, last season. Valdes also made his mark from the service line, recording a program-best 48 aces to go along with 148 digs. Senior John Nangle returns as the team’s leading blocker and will look to continue his presence at the net after totaling 79 blocks a season ago. Underclassman Adam Bonica is also back following a standout rookie campaign in which he tallied 209 kills, 120 digs, and 33 blocks.

Regis will add four newcomers to the roster this season, all looking to make an immediate impact.

The Pride are led by fifth-year head coach Josh Anderson, who guided the program to its best regular-season finish in team history last year, placing fourth in the GNAC. Regis hosted and won a home playoff match before advancing to the GNAC semifinals, where it fell to the eventual conference champions.

Regis opens the 2026 season on Friday, January 9, hosting Elms at 7 p.m.


2026 Men’s Volleyball Preseason Poll Results

1. Wentworth- 62 (6)
2. Lasell – 58 (2)
3. Regis – 40
4. Emmanuel – 39
5. Rivier – 35
T-6. Emerson – 20
T-6. Elms – 20
8. Dean – 14



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2 Badger volleyball commits just dominated the UA Next game — and look ready now

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The Wisconsin Badgers had four recruits in the Under Armour All-American volleyball game. The all-star event showcases the best volleyball recruits in the nation going head-to-head in Orlando. Kelly Sheffield had two outside hitters: Halle Thompson and Audrey Flanagan, one middle blocker: Lynney Tarnow, and one setter: Isabelle Hoppe in the game.

Thompson and Tarnow may have played on the losing team, but they were the two best players on the court, and it really wasn’t even close. Tarnow basically took over the entire first set by herself, recording five kills and two blocks. The announcers were even asking each other, “Have we ever had a middle blocker win the MVP award?”

Tarnow is tall at 6’5″ and plays even taller. She literally had to be game-planned around to help Team Roses ultimately win the match.

Lynney Tarnow and Halle Thompson will come in and play as true freshman

Related: Two former Wisconsin volleyball players find new homes through the portal

Tarnow ended the four-set match with nine kills, one assist, and four blocks. She was rotating in and out, as these matches tend to go. Halle Thompson was the best outside hitter by a good margin. As Sheffield would say, “She has a cannon for an arm.” She ended the match with 13 kills, and she missed a few by inches. She was impressive and looks ready to go. Getting kills from all over the court.

The biggest takeaway is that Thompson and Tarnow look like they will be ready to go immediately for the Wisconsin Badgers. Both will be seeing minutes next season. Tarnow will be the second middle blocker, like Alicia Andrew was last season. She will play rotational minutes behind Jaela Auguste, the transfer from the Florida Gators.

Thompson will also find space as a hitter in the Wisconsin offense. She does something that Sheffield always praises: “takes courageous hits.” She will be working with Grace Egan, Madison Quest, Eva Travis, and even Audrey Flanagan.

The other two Wisconsin commits, Flanagan and Hoppe, also looked good and showed a ton of potential. Flanagan was on the winning team and looked good when she was featured, and Hoppe shows a ton of potential, too. They may be more on the scout team or using the year to backup next year, but they both will ultimately be weapons for the Badgers.





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AU Pro Volleyball Stars to Watch in the 2026 MLV Season

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Dallas Pulse (1)

Natalia Valentin-Anderson joins the first-year franchise Dallas Pulse after spending the last two seasons with Omaha. The Puerto Rico native finished sixth on the AU leaderboard this fall with 2,502 points and earned a spot on the 2025 All-Position Team for the second time in her career after leading the league with 436 assists.

Omaha Supernovas (6)

 

Morgan Hentz made the move to the Omaha Supernovas after two seasons with the Atlanta Vibe. The four-time AU Pro Volleyball Defensive Player of the Year won back-to-back MLV Libero of the Year awards with Atlanta and holds the league’s single-season records for total digs (508) and digs per set (4.50).

Sarah Parsons signed with the Supernovas for her first MLV season after making her AU debut this fall in her first competition since welcoming her son in January. The 2016 AVCA National Player of the Year and U.S. Women’s National Team member finished 18th on the AU leaderboard with 1,750 points.

Reagan Cooper is making her return to the Supernovas after claiming second place in her AU rookie campaign this fall with 3,015 points. She ranked second on the Supernovas last season with 265 kills over 25 matches (3.49 per set) while adding 165 digs and 13 aces.

Elise Goetzinger signed her first MLV contract with the Supernovas after a standout college career at Creighton and Kentucky. The middle blocker played a pivotal role in Kentucky’s 2020 NCAA championship run and led the BIG EAST in hitting percentage (.376) as a graduate transfer at Creighton in 2024.

Brooke Nuneviller is returning to the Supernovas after finishing 11th on the AU leaderboard this fall with 2,163 points. She led the Supernovas last season with 381 kills (3.77 per set) over 28 matches while adding 348 digs and 24 blocks.

Sydney Hilley is returning to Omaha after spending the 2025 season with the Indy Ignite. The Wisconsin graduate earned Playoff MVP honors for the Supernovas when they won the inaugural Pro Volleyball Championship in 2024 and finished 10th on the AU leaderboard this fall with 2,226 points.

Orlando Valkyries (1)

Brittany Abercrombie is entering her second season with the Valkyries after leading the team to the 2025 league championship. In 2025, she was named PVF Most Valuable Player after setting league records for kills, kills per set, attacks, and points, and earned All-League and Opposite Hitter of the Year honors.

 

San Diego Mojo (5)

McKenna Vicini signed with the San Diego Mojo after two seasons with Atlanta. The middle blocker previously played for Mojo head coach Alisha Glass Childress at Stanford, where she won the 2019 NCAA Championship, and finished 15th on the AU leaderboard this fall with 2,036 points.

Taylor Sandbothe will take the court with the Mojo for her first MLV season after playing for LOVB Madison last year. The 11-year pro finished 13th on the AU leaderboard this fall with 2,107 points while recording 74 kills, seven aces, 88 digs, and 23 blocks.

Carly Graham has joined the Mojo after spending last season with the Vegas Thrill. The setter recorded 369 assists over 77 sets for Vegas last season and finished 24th on the AU leaderboard this fall with 1,631 points.

Kayla Caffey signed with the Mojo after appearing in 25 matches with the Omaha Supernovas last season. She helped the Supernovas to a league-best 21-7 record and posted career highs with 111 kills, 44 blocks, and 18 service aces.

Marlie Monserez has joined San Diego after helping lead the Atlanta Vibe offense for the last two seasons. The setter earned All-League Second Team honors last year while ranking third in the league with 998 assists (10.62 per game), the fifth-most in a season in league history.

 

Siera Jones is the digital media reporter at Athletes Unlimited. You can follow her on Instagram and X @sieraajones.





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Men’s Volleyball Travels to Canada for Pair of Preseason Exhibitions

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PRINCETON, N.J.  – The Princeton men’s volleyball team will travel to Canada this weekend for a pair of preseason exhibition games against Toronto Metropolitan (TMU) and McMaster.  
 
The Tigers and the TMU Bold will face off on Jan. 3, before Princeton takes on McMaster in a matchup hosted at Appleby College on Jan. 6. 
 
Princeton, the 2025 EIVA regular season champions, will go international before officially starting the season against UC Irvine on Jan. 14. 
 
For senior captain Owen Mellon, the trip will mark a homecoming as the Oakville, Ontario native heads back to his high school, Appleby College, on Tuesday. 
 
TMU and McMaster both compete in the Ontario University Athletics (OUA) conference in the U Sports Canadian league. 
 
TMU is 2-8 on the season so far, while McMaster is 4-6. 
 
Match info for the TMU match can be found here.
 
Stats and streaming information for the McMaster game can be found on goprincetontigers.com. 
 



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