Last June, eight members of the board of directors for a licensing group called OneTeam Partners, which is co-owned by the players unions for five major sports leagues, signed a resolution that would have included the member unions in a plan to receive “profits units.” Those units, like traditional equity, could be turned into cash if the company did well.

It was a move that raised alarms within at least one of the unions.

By late 2024, an official at the National Football League Players Association had repeatedly raised concerns that implementing the plan could mean that labor officials serving on OneTeam’s board of directors — including the head of the NFL players union, Lloyd Howell Jr., and the leader of the Major League Baseball players union, Tony Clark — were attempting to make a change that could lead to their own financial gain, potentially at the expense of union members.

The resolution, which was obtained by The Athletic, called for any eventual payouts — made through what is known as a senior employee incentive plan (SEIP) — to go to the unions the board members hail from. The resolution also directly acknowledged the possibility that the unions could then grant that money to their board members.

“The explicit goal throughout the process was to financially enrich the individuals who serve on the OTP Board as labor organization representatives,” the NFLPA official wrote to lawyers in a communication criticizing the plan, which was reviewed by The Athletic. “… the idea was to pay the money into the unions, then the individuals.”

In a statement to The Athletic, OneTeam said that though the plan was considered, it was ultimately abandoned.

“In early 2024, OneTeam initiated an exploratory review to determine whether the company could lawfully offer incentive-based compensation to current and prospective Board members,” OneTeam Partners said. “This exploratory effort was part of a broader initiative to assess strategies for attracting high-caliber, independent talent.

“Following the legal advice of a labor law expert, it was determined that the best practice, if implemented, was to make grants to the respective players associations. In so doing, any future payments would be governed by each union’s player-approved bylaws, policy, and governance frameworks.

It added: “To be unequivocally clear: no OneTeam board member, nor any union employee, was directly or indirectly granted equity in OneTeam, holds equity in OneTeam or is a participant in its SEIP and any claim to the contrary is simply misinformed and false.”

Federal authorities are conducting an investigation related to OneTeam Partners and union officials. The full scope of the probe, which is being run out of the Eastern District of New York, is unclear. The Eastern District of New York declined to comment.

Five major sports unions hold stakes in OneTeam, the two largest belonging to the NFLPA and the Major League Baseball Players Association, which together own two-thirds of the company, according to people briefed on the business structure who requested anonymity because they were not authorized to speak publicly. The NFLPA has 44 percent, the MLBPA 22 percent.

The unions representing players in Major League Soccer, the U.S. Women’s National Soccer Team and the Women’s National Basketball Association own much smaller shares in OneTeam: 3.3 percent for MLS, .3 percent for the USWNTPA, and .2 percent for the WNBA, according to one of the people briefed on the structure.

Early this month, the FBI started calling MLB and NFL players or their representatives. Prosecutor David Berman is heading the federal investigation, said people briefed on its process who were not authorized to speak publicly.

With a federal investigation underway, the NFLPA has retained outside counsel separate from the outside lawyers retained by its executive director, Howell. Howell’s lawyer did not reply to requests for comment. “We’re guided by our responsibility to our members in everything we do and we will continue to fully cooperate with the investigation,” the NFLPA said in a statement to The Athletic.

MLBPA head Tony Clark was one of the forces behind the creation of OneTeam. (Sean M. Haffey / Getty Images)

The MLBPA declined to comment Friday. That union too has retained outside counsel separate from its leader, Clark. His attorney did not return requests for comment.

The NFLPA official who voiced concern about the incentive plan wrote that they were concerned about the potential for various conflicts of interest. The official argued internally that the change to the plan could dilute the players’ existing stakes, which they held via their unions. The official also questioned whether the players were informed of how their financial interests might be affected.

The NFLPA official’s email with lawyers shows talk of changing OneTeam’s SEIP dated to 2023, when a new CEO took over. In March 2024, OneTeam asked outside counsel whether there would be any issues granting union officials on its board participation in a SEIP, according to the same email. In response, the official wrote, the law firm flagged concerns regarding the National Labor Relations Act were any units to be granted directly to union board members.

Plans like SEIP are common in the business world. Companies use them to reward and lure top leaders, and the programs often grant traditional shares in a company. Private companies in particular will often grant something that operates similarly to shares but is not traditional equity, according to Chris Crawford, managing director for the executive compensation practice at the firm Gallagher.

“It’s not a publicly traded, readily tradable environment,” Crawford said. “It gets into these third-party transactions that get a little bit messy. The most common is by a generic term called ‘phantom stock.’”

Hence OneTeam’s use of “profits units.”

But ultimately, OneTeam is not a common business because it is largely owned by unions. Union officials have legal obligations to their members and their members’ interests, and most unions don’t have for-profit arms with the overlay of those governance concerns.

“The labor organizations’ representatives on the OTP Board are there as FIDUCIARIES representing their union members’ direct ownership interests in the Company — their legal duties are not to the Company generally, but rather their union members’ ownership in the company,” the NFLPA official wrote in the email to lawyers.

The union officials have their positions on OneTeam’s board because of their union roles, positions for which they are already compensated. Howell was paid $3.6 million by the NFLPA for the 12 months from March 2024 through February 2025, according to the union’s annual disclosure filed with the Department of Labor. Clark was paid $3.5 million for the 2024 calendar year, per the baseball union’s filing.

The NFLPA has four seats on OneTeam’s board, and the MLBPA has three seats. Both Howell’s and Clark’s signatures appear on the resolution to change OneTeam’s senior employee incentive plan.

The unions representing players in MLS, the USWNT and the WNBA share one seat on the board that rotates. Only the signature of Becca Roux, the head of the USWNTPA, appears on the resolution from last year.

Roux, as well as Bob Foose, head of the MLSPA, and Terri Jackson, head of the WNBPA, have hired Steve McCool of McGuireWoods as outside counsel.

“I notified the prosecutor in New York that I represent a number of OTP board members,” McCool said by phone Friday. “My clients have no cause for concern and they are available to answer any questions the government may have about this matter.”

Outside investors own the remaining 30 percent of OneTeam that is not owned by unions.

The SEIP resolution called for the NFLPA to receive 44 percent of the new plan units available to the board, and the MLBPA 33 percent. The other three unions were in line to receive 3.7 percent each. The outside investors on the board were not going to receive any new incentive units, the resolution said.

Such an arrangement has the potential to create at least the appearance of a conflict of interest, according to Lee Adler, a labor lawyer with no involvement in the matter who has long worked as counsel to unions.

“Is there something in that set of criteria for the incentive that might have some influence on how or what the union officials who sit on the board actually end up … legislating (at OneTeam)?” asked Adler, a lecturer at the Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations.

NFLPA employees said at a meeting in November 2024 that they expected payments via SEIP would be $200,000 to $300,000, the NFLPA official wrote in the email.

Sports unions have moved aggressively to capitalize on their players’ branding rights. The MLBPA and NFLPA were among the founders of OneTeam in 2019. Both unions already had for-profit arms that handled licensing business, and those arms still exist today. But they were betting that a company with aggregated rights would have greater leverage.

The venture has been a boon not only for the unions but also for the private equity investors who partnered with them. RedBird Capital cashed out its 40 percent stake in 2022, when the company had a $1.9 billion valuation.

The windfalls from name, image and licensing rights carry a slew of gains for athletes, including bolstering traditional labor objectives like collective bargaining. The NFLPA reported about $101 million in revenue from OneTeam from early 2024 into 2025, and the MLBPA about $45 million for 2024. But both the baseball and football unions have been wrapped up in public controversy this year over, in part, OneTeam.

Late last year, an anonymous complaint filed with the National Labor Relations Board levied allegations at Clark, including concerns over equity from OneTeam. The football union, where internal complaints had already been lodged, then brought on an outside firm, Linklaters, to conduct a review.

The NFLPA has not publicized that firm’s findings. But in March, in an email reviewed by The Athletic, Howell notified OneTeam’s board of directors that Linklaters found the NFLPA and OneTeam had been in compliance.

(Top photo of Lloyd Howell Jr.: Sean Gardner / Getty Images)