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High School Sports

AHSAA, state leaders clash over CHOOSE Act and athletic eligibility

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AHSAA, state leaders clash over CHOOSE Act and athletic eligibility

BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – Alabama political leaders and the state’s high school sports association are at odds over how to apply athletic eligibility rules to students using CHOOSE Act funds, with the AHSAA saying the program counts as financial aid and legislators arguing it does not.

On Thursday, Gov. Kay Ivey and House Speaker Nathaniel Ledbetter announced legal action against AHSAA. Lt. Gov. Will Ainsworth said he’ll pursue legislation addressing the matter. 

At stake is whether student-athletes who use state education savings account funds must sit out a year when they change schools. The dispute has sparked confusion for families and frustration among lawmakers who say AHSAA is defying legislative intent. 

By classifying CHOOSE Act education savings accounts as financial aid, AHSAA is applying a longstanding bylaw that forces transferring students who use any form of financial aid to wait a year before playing varsity sports – a move legislators insist was never meant to apply to ESAs.

The AHSAA’s interpretation means a student who uses CHOOSE Act funds to change schools is ineligible for varsity sports for a year, even if the transfer would not otherwise affect eligibility.

The CHOOSE Act, approved by lawmakers in 2024, creates education savings accounts funded by the state that parents can use for a range of educational expenses. That can include tuition, fees, textbooks and a curriculum for homeschooling students, along with educational services. Around 37,000 students applied for ESAs and 23,000 were deemed eligible.

The amount of the ESA varies by the type of education a student pursues:

  • $7,000 ESAs for eligible students in private or participating public schools
  • $2,000 ESAs for homeschoolers, up to $4,000 per family

For this year and next year, the program is limited to families earning less than 300% of the federal poverty level – about $95,000 for a family of four. The law states that all families will be eligible beginning in 2027–28, but that will depend on how much money lawmakers make available.

The clash highlights not only the high stakes for students hoping to play sports this fall but also the growing tension between lawmakers and the association that governs high school athletics, including at some private schools, in Alabama.

The eligibility issue surfaced in recent weeks, according to Rep. Danny Garrett, R-Trussville, the CHOOSE Act’s sponsor. He said parents began calling with concerns that their children – many of them middle-schoolers – were being sidelined right as football season began.

Garrett said multiple discussions were held with various officials but the AHSAA would not change its position. 

The AHSAA Central Board met Thursday about this and reaffirmed its stance, issuing a statement:

“Effective July 2024, the CHOOSE Act – like the Accountability Act before it – was formally recognized in the AHSAA Handbook as a form of financial aid. Under longstanding bylaws, any student who transfers to a member school and receives such aid is ineligible for athletic participation for one year. This policy, established by our member schools, promotes competitive equity and deters recruitment.”

Garrett called the association’s interpretation wrong.

“CHOOSE Act money is a parent redirecting their tax dollars to follow their child wherever they go,” he said. “That’s not financial aid.”

Ivey, in her statement, agreed, saying the law she championed never sought to bar students from playing sports.

“We wrote and passed the CHOOSE Act to give every child a true choice in their education, and that very much includes participation in athletics,” Ivey said.

She and Lebetter filed a lawsuit in the Montgomery Circuit asking the court to rule that the AHSAA’s interpretation of the CHOOSE Act is faulty and blocking the organization from further action to make players ineligible.

ESAs vs AAA

Garrett contrasted ESAs with Alabama Accountability Act (AAA) scholarships, which rely on outside donations redistributed through nonprofit scholarship-granting organizations.

When the CHOOSE Act was debated in February 2024, Rep. Joe Lovvorn, R-Auburn, introduced an amendment modeled on the AAA. Though the word “rules” – which is included in the AAA – after “athletic eligibility” was omitted, Garrett told House Speaker Nathaniel Ledbetter that the intent was clear: Nothing in the school choice law was meant to override existing AHSAA eligibility rules.

Rep. Joe Lovvorn’s amendment to the CHOOSE Act, which was passed by the House on Feb. 27, 2024.

“We wanted to communicate that we’re not going to allow the wild, wild West, where they can transfer all around,” Garrett said about the amendment. “Their rules stay in place. But we also said that CHOOSE Act funds were not going to impact eligibility under their existing rules.”

Garrett maintains the amendment was meant to ensure CHOOSE Act students followed the same transfer rules as everyone else – not to create new restrictions.

The AHSAA counters that the financial aid rule was already in place before the CHOOSE Act passed and that debate on the amendment – recorded in the Alabama Channel’s archive – shows lawmakers intended whatever rules existed to apply.

Garrett insists AHSAA’s decision to lump CHOOSE Act money together with AAA scholarships came after the law’s passage in March 2024, undermining legislative intent.

State Sen. Chris Elliott, R-Josephine, blasted the move as “obtuse” and “arbitrary,” accusing the association of ignoring both lawmakers and Gov. Kay Ivey.

“How in the world do these folks think they can absolutely defy what the Legislature and the governor and the legislative services agency and…the cacophony of voices that have said you’re wrong?” he asked.

Elliott said he plans to take up the issue in the legislative session, which starts Jan. 13. He noted his history of filing bills – some punitive – aimed at reining in the AHSAA.

“They’re using this as a political tool, and that is an incredibly dangerous game for them,” he said.

Lt. Gov. Will Ainsworth echoed that sentiment Thursday, posting on social media that he’ll pursue legislation addressing the issue.

Tensions over high school sports

The fight over CHOOSE Act funds is the latest clash in years of tension between lawmakers and the AHSAA. Last year, Rep. Brock Colvin, R-Albertville, filed a bill to exclude English learner students from enrollment counts used for athletic classification as part of a multi-bill immigration reform package backed by Ivey. The bill did not pass.

According to SI.com’s reporting in March, 10 states, which they did not list, allow high school students to transfer and retain athletic eligibility. 

Tennessee requires students using ESAs to attend a private school to sit out for a year in the sport they played previously unless they make a bonafide move.

Florida, which has liberal school choice policy, including open enrollment, allows immediate athletic eligibility regardless of why a student transfers as long as the student participates in the sport at the new school before the sport season begins.

Arkansas recently clamped down on high school transfers using school choice mechanisms, requiring a sophomore, junior or senior who transfers using school choice provisions to sit out for a year unless they make a bona fide move. 

Arkansas television station KARK reported in April that the change was made because school choice enabled “many players” to switch schools year after year.  

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High School Sports

Watch Thursday 9.4 JSZ Football Highlights

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September 5, 2025

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Watch Thursday 9.4 JSZ Football Highlights

We’ve got Thursday night football to kick off Week 1 around the Garden State as JSZ brings you three games from the gridiron. Princeton and Allentown meet in a Mercer County thriller, Demarest looks to start strong against Bergen Tech plus Washington Township tries to reach 2-0 against Pennsauken in the WJFL. Check back as the highlights are posted throughout the night!

Down 6-0, senior Ellinton Hinds who already had an interception on the first drive of the game, made one of the best catches in all of New Jersey high school football so far this season to keep Princeton (2-0) undefeated in 2025. Hinds had two leaping catches from QB Quinton deFaria, who threw for 109 yards and a TD. The Tigers beat Allentown (0-2) for the first time since 2005 and look to keep their win streak alive with a Week 2 matchup against Ewing.

JSZ’s Tyler Mroz has the highlights + reaction from Allentown: 

Jersey Sports Zone’s coverage of Princeton and Allentown is brought to you by Princeton Orthopaedic Associates.

The Minutemen took care of business in their home opener by racing out to a 35-0 halftime lead and cruising the rest of the way. Colin Beeler scored a pair of touchdowns to lead a bruising rushing attack in the victory. Paris Pratt hauled in a touchdown and added a fumble return touchdown for Washington Township (2-0). Pennsauken (1-1) will look to bounce back next Thursday against Highland.

JSZ’s James Mooney has the highlights from Sewell:

Jersey Sports Zone’s coverage of Washington Township is made possible by Horizon Blue Cross Blue Shield of New Jersey.

With lead running back Reed Kauderer unavailable for the majority of the game, the Norsemen needed their other playmakers to step up. They ultimately answered the bell. Quarterback Joseph Yun accounted for three total touchdowns as Demarest (1-0) begins their 2025 season with a bang. Daejuan Joseph caught a pair of touchdown passes in the win. Bergen Tech (0-1) will now turn their focus to a game against Ferris next week.

JSZ’s Sean Dugan has the highlights from Little Ferry:

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High School Sports

High school football

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September 5, 2025

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High school football

Five games dotted the high school football schedule Thursday night.

In Class AA, Butte stormed past Billings Skyview 33-13 on the road while Missoula Sentinel knocked off No. 3 Great Falls CMR 6-0. A big showdown in 8-Man lived up to its billing as No. 3 Fort Benton beat No. 2 Belt 24-22.

Check out the highlights and details below:

CLASS AA

Missoula Sentinel 6, No. 3 Great Falls CMR 0

After a scoreless first half, Sentinel struck with a 32-yard touchdown pass from Rudy Hess to Kyler Haslam. That ended up being the game’s only score, as the Spartans’ defense kept Great Falls CMR off the scoreboard entirely.

WATCH THE HIGHLIGHTS:

Missoula Sentinel knocks off No. 3 Great Falls CMR in defensive slugfest

Sentinel held CMR to six first downs, and 0-for-9 showing on third down and 132 total offensive yards. The Spartans’ Jake Boggust recovered a fumble on a promising CMR drive in the fourth quarter that helped preserve the shutout.

Butte 33, Billings Skyview 13

Hudson Luedtke caught three touchdown passes from Brooks Vincent to lead Butte to a road victory. Peyton Johnson had a scoring run and Jaeger Hansen returned an interception for a TD as the Bulldogs built a sizable first-half lead.

WATCH THE HIGHLIGHTS:

Butte picks up convincing win at Billings Skyview

The Falcons got their points on two touchdown passes from Jaxon Zagata to Jackson Carter.

At halftime, Skyview celebrated the 30th anniversary of its 1995 state title team. That year, the Falcons went 11-1 under coach Rob Lebsock and won the Class AA championship with a 27-20 victory over Bozeman.

1995 Billings Skyview

The 1995 state champion Billings Skyview Falcons are honored at Daylis Stadium on Thursday, Sept. 4, 2025, in Billings.

8-MAN

No. 3 Fort Benton 24, No. 2 Belt 22

Truman Giese’s fourth-quarter touchdown and two-point conversion gave Fort Benton the lead and two defensive takeaways in the final minutes helped maintain it as Fort Benton knocked off Belt in a ranked matchup.

WATCH THE HIGHLIGHTS:

No. 3 Fort Benton knocks off No. 2 Belt in 8-Man showdown

Blake Waldner set an early tone for the Huskies with a 29-yard touchdown run, but Giese scored from 3 yards out to help tie it 8-8 in the second quarter.

Slater Lords had a long catch and run for a touchdown, putting Belt up 16-8, but a Giese-to-David Olson TD pass tied the game again. In the third, Waldner turned a Huskies interception into another touchdown run as Belt grabbed a 22-16 advantage. But it didn’t hold up.

Other Thursday scores:

8-Man

Fairview 64, Poplar 0

6-Man

Highwood 62, Alberton 0

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What is the Fastest Tennis Serve of All Time?

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September 5, 2025

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What is the Fastest Tennis Serve of All Time?

In this countdown, we look back at the fastest recorded tennis serves of all time.

Service speed remains a dominant feature in the modern game and can become a player’s trump card out on the court.

With players getting stronger and cutting-edge technology in tennis racquets making leaps and bounds, serves today are faster than ever.

We take a look at the fastest serves ever recorded by men and women out on the tennis court.

Men’s fastest tennis serve

Sam Groth – 263.4kph (163.7mph.)

Australian Sam Groth has the honour of having the fastest recorded tennis serve of all time.

The 6ft 4 Australian set the record during an ATP Open Challenger match in Busan, South Korea, in 2012 against Belarusian tennis player Uladzimir Ignatik.

Groths serve clocks in at a staggering 263.4kph (163.7mph).

Honorable mentions

Second Fastest Recorded Serve in Tennis

Albano Olivetti – 257.5 kph (160mph)

Frenchman Albano Olivetti holds the record for the second-fastest serve ever recorded. The French tennis pro also remains the second person to break the 160mph serve speed barrier.

Olivetti’s serve came in 2012 at the challenger level during the Internazionali Trofeo Lame Perrel–Faip.

Albano Olivetti

Albano Olivetti holds the second-fastest record serve on the tour.

Third Fastest Recorded Serve in Tennis

John Isner – 253 kph (157.2 mph).

It would be hard not to include the American giant John Isner in this list. The 6ft 10 American is known best for his monster serves, which are delivered consistently throughout.

His monstrous serve is thanks in part to his stature. Isner clocks in as the third-tallest tennis player on the ATP behind the Croatian giant Ivo Karlovic and American young gun Reilly Opelka (both 6ft 11 inches). Ivo Karlovic currently holds the record for the fourth fastest recorded tennis serve.

Isner currently holds the third fastest serve in tennis. The Americans serve, clocking in at 253 kph (157.2 mph) during a 2016 Davis Cup tie against Bernard Tomic.

John Isner also holds the record for playing the longest match in Grand Slam history against Nicolas Mahut. During Wimbledon 2010, Isner beat Mahut in 5 sets: 6–4, 3–6, 6–7, 7–6, 70–68. The match lasted 11 hours and 5 minutes.

Isner’s serve is the fastest recorded serve in tennis, recognised by the ATP.

Fastest Tennis Serve Female

Georgina García Pérez – 220kph (136.7 mph)

Spaniard Georgina Garcia Perez holds the record for the fastest recorded tennis serve by a woman.

Perez clocked a serve of 200kph (136.7 mph) during the Hungarian Ladies Open in 2018.

Georgina Garcia Perez

Georgina Garcia Perez holds the record for the fastest serve by a female.

Why is it nearly impossible to hit a 160 mph tennis serve?

A considered calculation of stature, technique, coaching, mechanics and good old practice is said to make the perfect concoction for a fast serve.

A direct correlation has been proven between the height of a player and power during a serve. Therefore, it is no coincidence that the top servers of the game are all giants by nature.

The trajectory of a serve remains ever important. Players who are 6ft 7 or above have the ability to hit the ball with a downward trajectory, whereas those who are under that height are unable to do so.

Modern technology has also greatly aided in the incremental increase of server power over time. The changeover from wooden rackets to today’s modern racket is a huge factor in determining serve power. Advancements in string technology and racket materials also play a huge part in determining a fast serve.

Other mitigating factors include court conditions. Faster serves are much more likely to happen on a hard court and during hotter temperatures, where there is less resistance to air density, translating to faster speeds.

When you compare the fastest tennis serve with other sports, you can see how fast it is.

Fastest Football shot – 114 mph by David Hirst in 1996
Fastest Baseball pitch – 105.1 mph by Aroldis Chapman in 2010
Fastest Cricket Bowling speed – 100.2 mph by Shoaib Akhtar in 2003

What is the average tennis serve speed?

The average tennis serve speed differs between both men and women, as well as between pros and amateurs. Data shows us that for professional male tennis players, the average tennis serve speed is approximately 114 mph (on their first serve) and 93 mph (on their second serve).

For women, the average tennis serve speed clocks in at 98 mph (on their first serve) and 82 mph (on their second serve).

This data was recorded between 2002-2013, so bear in mind the average speeds have likely increased by a few miles per hour in the modern era, as racquet technology and athletes continue to evolve and adapt within the sport.

Check out Wired’s video, which covers the topic more in-depth.

Fancy writing for us: Apply to become a Sports Writer at the Sporting Ferret

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Poudre tennis top singles player Owen Addington voted Blue FCU Athlete of the Week

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Poudre tennis top singles player Owen Addington voted Blue FCU Athlete of the Week

It’s the second edition of Blue Federal Credit Union‘s Fort Collins-area Athlete of the Week for the 2025-26 high school sports season.

And this week’s honor is hitting the local tennis courts with a top singles player.

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Poudre boys tennis player Owen Addington took top honors in the Fort Collins area for the week of Aug. 25-30 after a couple of dominant sweeps.

Playing on the No. 1 singles line, the Impalas senior dropped just six games in four sets across two match wins over Windsor and Northglenn’s top players.

He beat Windsor’s Joseph Bisceglia (6-2, 6-3) and followed that up with a 6-0, 6-1 over Northglenn’s Emrah Mehidic.

Poudre's Owen Addington bends down to hit a shot during a city rivalry boys tennis dual on Tuesday, Sept. 17, 2024 at Fort Collins High School in Fort Collins, Colo.

Poudre’s Owen Addington bends down to hit a shot during a city rivalry boys tennis dual on Tuesday, Sept. 17, 2024 at Fort Collins High School in Fort Collins, Colo.

Addington, also a basketball player and tennis team captain, has helped Poudre get off to a 3-1 start this season that also included a team tournament title at the Thompson Valley Invitational.

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The senior and third-year varsity player is the first tennis player to earn Blue FCU Athlete of the Week honors in the award’s third school year. He joins Rocky Mountain’s Bode Nesbitt as the first winners in the 2025-26 prep sports season.

Poudre fans pushed Addington atop the polls, giving him the victory with 51.5% of the fan vote.

That propelled him past these other four outstanding Athlete of the Week nominees:

  • Brooke Pravlik, PSD flag football (runner-up at 36.7%)

  • Taylor Morgan, Wellington softball

  • Judd Nikkel, Fossil Ridge boys golf

  • Nora Ebel, Rocky Mountain girls cross country

The Blue Federal Credit Union Athlete of the Week series features five nominees on Mondays, with voting at Coloradoan.com until 11:59 p.m. every Wednesday.

Fans can nominate their favorite athletes (deadline: 11:59 p.m. every Sunday), and the Coloradoan Sports staff will ultimately select the nominees each week.

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If you have nominations for a future Athlete of the Week, please send them via email to ChrisAbshire@coloradoan.com for consideration.

View the full results:

Chris Abshire covers high school and community sports for the Coloradoan.

This article originally appeared on Fort Collins Coloradoan: Poudre tennis’ Owen Addington voted Blue FCU Athlete of the Week

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7 high school takeaways from Thursday, or as we call it High School Football Eve

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September 5, 2025

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7 high school takeaways from Thursday, or as we call it High School Football Eve

BB&N senior Sam Kelley (right) announced he will play football at Brown. Jonathan Wiggs/Globe Staff

With sincere apologies to all the games played Thursday, here at Globe Schools it feels a lot like Christmas Eve, with a full slate of high school football arriving under the tree Friday evening.

Over the last two weeks we talked to nearly 200 football coaches and wrote more than 30,000 words previewing every team in Eastern Mass. There’s still time for a cram session!

Team-by-team previews for every Eastern Mass. program

Trevor Hass wrote about Whittier football coach Kevin Bradley, who is continuing to coach the team while battling tongue cancer. Read coach Bradley’s inspirational story.

The first three football games of the season were played Thursday night, with Pentucket topping Northeast (26-22), Waltham holding off Belmont (24-12), and Brookline beating Lexington (27-10).

1. Milestones

▪ Two golf teams made history, as Canton set a new low home score at Blue Hill Country Club, scoring a 138 as a team to best Mansfield by 15 strokes thanks to 1-under-par 33s from senior Joey Ryan and freshman Chase Thomas.

▪ Rockport set a record for most points on its home course, Rockport Country Club, posting a 168-151 win over Hamilton-Wenham behind a 38-point showing from Sam Kesterson, who shot a 1-under-par 34 with three birdies.

▪ St. John Paul II field hockey coach Leah Pierce got her first win with the program, beating Bishop Stang, 3-0. Ariana Liakos got her first win helming the Pembroke girls’ volleyball, beating Falmouth, 3-1. And Acton-Boxborough girls’ soccer coach Manny Lopes notched his first victory, 4-0, over Algonquin.

2. Upset city

▪ No. 4 Needham girls’ volleyball knocked off preseason No. 1 Brookline, 3-0, just a day after falling, 3-0, to No. 2 Newton North.

▪ On the pitch, No. 18 Medfield boys’ soccer shocked No. 10 Oliver Ames, the defending Division 2 state champions, with a 2-0 win powered by goals from Max Tillmann and Sebastian Cole.

3. College corner

Keene State freshman Kayla DiPasquale, a Marshfield High graduate, was named Little East Conference women’s soccer Rookie of the Week after scoring her first two collegiate goals in a 4-2 win over Rivier.

4. Commitment central

BB&N senior captain Sam Kelley, a 6-foot-2-inch, 228-pound two-way athlete from Natick, announced he will play football at Brown.

5. Soccer leaderboard

Goals

Talia Lowney, Greater Lowell, 5

Mary Kudarauskas, Sturgis West, 4

Rowan Malvey, Marshfield, 4

Miguel Armaczuk, St. John Paul II, 3

Cody Boghdan, St. John Paul II, 3

Jackie Fritz, Salem, 3

Linda Jenner, Sharon, 3

Leah Monahan, Lowell, 3

Angie Niz, Lynn Tech, 3

Devon Weafer, Medfield, 3

Bella Wen, Westwood, 3

Davide Vitale, Shawsheen, 3

Points

Lowney, Greater Lowell, 10

Kudarauskas, Sturgis West, 8

Malvey, Marshfield, 8

Kaylee Barrett, Lynnfield, 7

Jenner, Sharon 6

Lauren Sutliffe, Duxbury, 6

Vitale, Shawsheen, 6

Lyla Chapman, Tewksbury, 5

Ava Damiani, Lynnfield, 5

Jocelyn DeMedeiros, Sturgis West, 5

Zach Dziggle, Shawsheen, 5

Maddie Fernandes, Mansfield, 5

Sophie Hano, Manchester Essex, 5

Cory Lloyd, O’Bryant, 5

Sera Eramo, Greater Lowell, 5

6. Field hockey leaders

Goals

Hannah D’Angelo, Pembroke, 4

Dani Ekyman, Sutton, 4

Julie Pacheco, Somerset Berkley, 4

Anthony Ford, Lowell, 3

Alyssa Norden, St. Mary’s, 3

Abbie Poole, Malden Catholic, 3

Natalie Ramcharan, Malden Catholic, 3

Maura Richardson, Joseph Case, 3

Points

Emma Bouchard, Joseph Case, 5

Pacheco, Somerset Berkley, 5

D’Angelo, Pembroke, 4

Ford, Lowell, 4

Richardson, Joseph Case, 4

Vaught, Somerset Berkley, 4

Caitlin Patten, Hingham, 3

Sam Rudick, Hingham, 3

7. Girls volleyball leaders

Kills

Kiera Clark, Milton, 17

Kyra Ward, Chelmsford, 15

Julie Hall, Central Catholic, 14

Sadie Stants, Needham, 14

Norah Downey, Braintree, 11

Assists

Sophie Derwinski, Milton, 27

Madison Blanchet, Central Catholic, 24

Ellen Griswold, Chelmsford, 22

Bella Lee, Needham, 17

Audrey Manning, Lynnfield, 14

Digs

Alexia Vaquerano, Lynnfield, 14

Brooke Braswell, Lynn Classical, 12

Angelina Silva, Tewksbury, 12

Blocks

Alexia Faria, Central Catholic, 10

Downey, Braintree, 5

Manning, Lynnfield, 5

Aces

Morgan Etna, Hamilton-Wenham, 9

Hall, Central Catholic, 7

Maria Rosario, Greater Lawrence, 6

Downey, Braintree, 4

Stants, Needham, 4

Brendan Kurie can be reached at brendan.kurie@globe.com. Follow him on X @BrendanKurie.

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