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Does the format matter? A cross

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Does the format matter? A cross

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Sports Act. Living

Sec. Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation

Volume 7 – 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1565036

This article is part of the Research TopicEpidemiology of Orthopaedic Sports Trauma and InjuriesView all 6 articles

Provisionally accepted

  • 1Centre for Health, and Injury & Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, England, United Kingdom
  • 2UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, Bath, United Kingdom
  • 3Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
  • 4University of Bath, Bath, England, United Kingdom
  • 5Der Club an der Alster, Hamburg, Germany
  • 6Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, County Dublin, Ireland
  • 7Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
  • 8School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

Field Hockey is a popular global sport played by both men and women in three different formats: 11-a-side outdoor hockey (11s), 6-a-side indoor hockey, and 5-a-side Hockey5s. To date, comparisons across formats for match events and injury rates have not occurred. Using an established video analysis methodology, this study aimed to compare match events (per 10 minutes of play) and suspected injury rates across formats and sexes. A hockey-specific video coding window was co-created with community partners, before being deployed to capture outcomes of interest in 30 international hockey matches (10 per format, 50% male/ female). Twenty-seven suspected injuries were identified. The most common trends in these injuries included; being to the head/neck (26%); contusion in nature (74%); ball-player contact mechanism (44%); 74% to defending player. No evidence of significant differences in injury rates between formats or sexes were identified, however a trend towards higher rates in men’s vs women’s was identified [Rate ratio (RR) range: 1.14-5.00] as well as in Hockey5s for men and 11s for women. Game events differed significantly across formats for both men and women. Increased outcomes which could be deemed “exciting’ (e.g. shots, shooting zone entries) differed between formats, however the success (e.g. shots on target vs off target) of these increased “exciting” outcomes was often lower in formats with higher rates. The findings of this study suggest the need for a more in-depth investigation into differences between formats, which may include mixed methods approaches to capture fan engagement, player perception, and injury risk.

Keywords: policy, prevention, Sport, injury, performance

Received: 22 Jan 2025; Accepted: 21 Jul 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 West, Bovington, Dale, Alexander, Keogh and Holden. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Stephen William West, Centre for Health, and Injury & Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, England, United Kingdom

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

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In Memoriam: Glen Charles Lietzke

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Glen Charles Lietzke passed away on December 25, 2025 after a private journey with leukemia for more than four years. He battled with the same fierce dedication and resolve that he brought to his career in volleyball. For more than four decades, Glen provided innovative leadership that helped grow and strengthen the volleyball community both within Texas and across the country.

Glen’s contributions to volleyball began at the collegiate level. He coached at the University of Wisconsin at River Falls, Southwest Missouri State, and most significantly as an assistant coach at the University of Texas where they won the 1988 NCAA National Championship.

During Glen’s time in collegiate volleyball, he was inspired to build the game across all levels, and began to pour his time into the sport at the youth level. Glen created Austin Junior Volleyball, setting a standard of excellence that influenced clubs across the country. He coached two girls’ national championship teams and created tournaments that prepared players to perform at the highest collegiate levels. Similarly, Glen was a tireless advocate for boys’ volleyball at both the club and collegiate levels, most notably through his work with the First Point Volleyball Foundation and the creation of the First Point Collegiate Challenge, a men’s NCAA volleyball showcase.

This pioneering vision was recognized by multiple organizations. Glen was awarded the George J. Fisher Leader in Volleyball in 1998, inducted into the American Volleyball Coaches Hall of Fame in 2018, and inducted into the 2022 Greater Austin Sports Foundation Hall of Honor. However, these awards mattered less to Glen than the people he worked with and for. His vision helped athletes and coaches believe in themselves, improving the game of volleyball by inspiring everyone to think bigger and do better.

For Glen, what was most important though, was his family. 

He is survived by his wife, Kathy, and children, Nathan, Lauren; and beloved dogs, Moose and Stormi.  Born on March 6, 1954 in Minneapolis, MN, Glen was preceded in death by his mother Lorraine Begin Lietzke and father Clarence Willard Lietzke. Glen is also survived by his brothers, Craig and Jim, and countless nieces and nephews.

The Lietzke family will hold a memorial service to celebrate Glen’s exceptional life on Friday, January 2 at 10:30 a.m. at the Chapel on St. Andrew’s Episcopal School campus with a reception following at Highlander Hall. The Lietzkes request that those in attendance wear either navy blue, or their favorite AJV, LSC, or University of Texas attire to remember Glen’s legacy of growing the game of volleyball and of creating lifelong friendships and opportunities.

In lieu of flowers, the Lietzke family asks that you consider donating to two organizations: JVAA Scholarship Fund or the MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.O. Box 4486, Houston, TX 77210-4486), indicating Dr. Abbas Leukemia in memory of Glen Lietzke in the memo section of the check or donating online https://www.mdanderson.org/leukemiagiving..

 



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Volleyball Ranked 16th in Final American Volleyball Coaches Association Poll

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The Hope College volleyball team ranked 16th in the final American Volleyball Coaches Association TARAFLEX NCAA Division III poll for the 2025 season.

The MIAA-champion Flying Dutch totaled 844 points after finishing the season with a 23-7 overall record.

Led by head coach Becky Schmidt, Hope advanced to the second round of the NCAA Division III Championships before losing to nationally-ranked Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

The Flying Dutch claimed their third consecutive MIAA regular-season crown for the second time in program history with an 8-0 league record.

Hope’s roster featured three standouts who garnered AVCA All-America accolades:  senior setter Lauren Lee (first team), junior middle blocker Kamryn Burbridge (third team), and sophomore middle blocker Olivia Wyma (honorable mention).

Lee was also named MIAA MVP and joined by three teammates on the All-MIAA teams: Burbridge (first team), Wyma (first team) and Kathryn Oates (second team).

 



 



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CCIW Places Three Teams in AVCA Men’s Volleyball Preseason Rankings

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NAPERVILLE — The College Conference of Illinois & Wisconsin (CCIW) will open the 2026 men’s volleyball season with a strong national showing, placing three programs in the American Volleyball Coaches Association (AVCA) Division III Men’s Volleyball Preseason Poll released Monday.
 
Defending league champion Carthage headlines the conference contingent, checking in at No. 2 nationally with 533 points. The Firebirds, voted as the CCIW preseason favorite on Monday, trail only Springfield in the preseason rankings as they prepare to defend their league crown.
 
Loras also earned preseason recognition, debuting at No. 14 with 133 points, while North Central rounds out the CCIW presence at No. 18 with 78 points.

Follow the CCIW
CCIW on X | CCIW Instagram | CCIW Facebook |
 
The College Conference of Illinois & Wisconsin (CCIW) was founded in 1946 and currently services nine member institutions including Augustana College (Rock Island, Ill.), Carroll University (Waukesha, Wis.), Carthage College (Kenosha, Wis.), Elmhurst University (Elmhurst, Ill.), Illinois Wesleyan University (Bloomington, Ill.), Millikin University (Decatur, Ill.), North Central College (Naperville, Ill.), North Park University (Chicago, Ill.) and Wheaton College (Wheaton, Ill.). 





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UCLA Announces 2026 Women’s Beach Volleyball Schedule

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SOCIAL MEDIA: BeachVB on Twitter | BeachVB on Facebook | BeachVB on Instagram

LOS ANGELES – The UCLA Women’s Beach Volleyball team announced its 2026 schedule today, highlighted by hosting three regular-season tournaments (two at Mapes Beach and one at legendary Manhattan Beach Pier) and “Senior Day” against CSU Bakersfield.

The Bruins will compete in seven different regular-season tournaments during the year, beginning with the season opener against Texas on Friday, Feb. 19, at 9:45 a.m. PT at Outrigger Duke Kahanamoku Beach Classic at Queen’s Beach in Honolulu, Hawaii. The Bruins will also face Hawai’i, LMU, Stanford, California, and USC in the opening weekend. 

UCLA will return home to host the Battle for LA (along with USC) on Friday-Saturday (Feb. 27-28). The Bruins will face Boise State, Cal Poly, Long Beach State, and Pepperdine in the friendly confines of Mapes Beach for the home opening weekend.

UCLA will host the MPSF Midseason Rumble at Mapes Beach on March 6-7, where the Bruins will face Grand Canyon, Washington, Oregon, and Stanford.

The Bruins will then host the annual East Meets West Invitational at iconic Manhattan Beach Pier on March 13-14. The Bruins will open with Arizona State and LSU on day one and conclude the event with Texas and FiU.

After a week off, UCLA will head to Austin, Texas to compete in the Texas Invitational on March 27-28. The Bruins will take on LSU, Texas, North Florida, and Florida Atlantic at Wright-Whitaker Sports Complex.

The sixth tournament of the season will take place in Laguna Beach, Calif., where the Bruins will face Cal Poly, Stanford, USC, and Long Beach State at the Best in the West tournament on April 3-4 at the Main Beach.

The final regular season tournament will see the Bruins in San Luis Obispo, Calif., for the Center of Effort Challenge on April 10-11. UCLA will open with California and Cal Poly on the first day and will conclude bracket play with Arizona State on day two before heading into the playoff portion of the bracket.

The Bruins will complete their home slate with CSU Bakersfield on April 14 at 3:00 p.m. PT for “Senior Day,” and will conclude the regular season with a date at USC on April 16 at Noon.

For the second straight year, the Bruins will head to Spiker Beach in Hutington Beach, Calif., for the 2026 MPSF Championship Tournament (April 22-24). The winner will earn the league’s automatic bid to the NCAA Championship Tournament in Gulf Shores, Ala., to be held May 1-3.

2026 UCLA Women’s Beach Volleyball Schedule













































Day Date Opponent Site
Thu. Feb. 19 vs. Texas Queen’s Beach, Honolulu, Hawaii
Thu. Feb. 19 at Hawai’i Queen’s Beach, Honolulu, Hawaii
Fri. Feb. 20 vs. LMU Queen’s Beach, Honolulu, Hawaii
Fri. Feb. 20 vs. Stanford Queen’s Beach, Honolulu, Hawaii
Sat. Feb. 21 vs. California Queen’s Beach, Honolulu, Hawaii
Sat. Feb. 21 vs. USC Queen’s Beach, Honolulu, Hawaii
Fri. Feb. 27 BOISE STATE MAPES BEACH
Fri. Feb. 27 CAL POLY MAPES BEACH
Sat. Feb. 28 LONG BEACH STATE MAPES BEACH
Sat. Feb. 28 PEPPERDINE MAPES BEACH
Fri. Mar. 6 GRAND CANYON MAPES BEACH
Fri. Mar. 6 WASHINGTON MAPES BEACH
Sat. Mar. 7 OREGON MAPES BEACH
Sat. Mar. 7 STANFORD MAPES BEACH
Fri. Mar. 13 ARIZONA STATE MANHATTAN BEACH PIER, MANHATTAN BEACH, CALIF.
Fri. Mar. 13 LSU MANHATTAN BEACH PIER, MANHATTAN BEACH, CALIF.
Sat. Mar. 14 TEXAS MANHATTAN BEACH PIER, MANHATTAN BEACH, CALIF.
Sat. Mar. 14 FIU MANHATTAN BEACH PIER, MANHATTAN BEACH, CALIF.
Fri. Mar. 27 vs. LSU Wright-Whitaker Sports Complex, Austin, Texas
Fri. Mar. 27 at Texas Wright-Whitaker Sports Complex, Austin, Texas
Sat. Mar. 28 vs. North Florida Wright-Whitaker Sports Complex, Austin, Texas
Sat. Mar. 28 vs. Florida Atlantic Wright-Whitaker Sports Complex, Austin, Texas
Fri. Apr. 3 vs. Cal Poly Main Beach, Laguna Beach, Calif.
Fri. Apr. 3 vs. Stanford Main Beach, Laguna Beach, Calif.
Sat. Apr. 4 vs. USC Main Beach, Laguna Beach, Calif.
Sat. Apr. 4 vs. Long Beach State Main Beach, Laguna Beach, Calif.
Fri. Apr. 10 vs. California Swanson Beach Volleyball Complex, San Luis Obispo, Calif.
Fri. Apr. 10 at Cal Poly Swanson Beach Volleyball Complex, San Luis Obispo, Calif.
Sat. Apr. 11 vs. Arizona State Swanson Beach Volleyball Complex, San Luis Obispo, Calif.
Sat. Apr. 11 vs. TBD (playoffs) Swanson Beach Volleyball Complex, San Luis Obispo, Calif.
Tue. Apr. 14 CSU BAKERSFIELD MAPES BEACH
Thu. Apr. 16 at USC Merle Norman Stadium, Los Angeles, Calif.
Wed. Apr. 22 MPSF Championship Spiker Beach, Huntington Beach, Calif.
Thu. Apr. 23 MPSF Championship Spiker Beach, Huntington Beach, Calif.
Fri. Apr. 24 MPSF Championship Spiker Beach, Huntington Beach, Calif.
Fri. May 1 NCAA Championship Gulf Beach Place, Gulf Shores, Ala.
Sat. May 2 NCAA Championship Gulf Beach Place, Gulf Shores, Ala.
Sun. May 3 NCAA Championship Gulf Beach Place, Gulf Shores, Ala.

Home Game in BOLD CAPS





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UMBC Baseball Releases 2026 Schedule

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BALTIMORE — UMBC Baseball coach Liam Bowen announced the Retrievers 2026 schedule on Monday afternoon. The 52-game slate features 25 contests at Alumni Field, highlighted by a visit from Maryland on April 7. 

CLICK HERE TO VIEW THE FULL SCHEDULE

 

The non-conference road schedule features the first trip to Longwood since 2012 to open the season (2/20-2/22), and the first ever meetings with Penn (3/7-/3/8) and Florida Atlantic (3/13-3/15).

After the Longwood series, home Opening Day at Alumni Field will be on February 24 against Georgetown at 3 p.m., followed by a weekend series with Monmouth (2/27-31). UMBC will then play midweeks at George Washington (3/3) and Delaware State (3/4) before heading to Penn. They then return home to face Mount St. Mary’s (3/10), travel to FAU and then host a rematch with Delaware State (3/17).

America East play then begins as the Dawgs host Maine (3/20-3/22), they then have road tilts Coppin State (3/24) at UAlbany (3/27-29) before closing March by hosting George Washingto (3/31). April opens with a three-game non-conference home series against Iona (4/2-4/4) followed by the visit from the Terps.

Trips to Binghamton (4/10-4/12) and Georgetown (4/14) are then followed with a four-game homestand against UMass Lowell (4/17-4/19) and Towson (4/21). The Retrievers then make the return trip to Maine (4/24-4/26) and head to La Salle (4/28) before returning to Alumni Field to host UAlbany (5/1-5/3) and Coppin State (5/5).

The regular season wraps with trips to Bryant (5/8-5/10) and Towson (5/12), and then NJIT (5/14-5/16) comes to Baltimore for senior weekend.

The America East Tournament begins the following wek in Binghamton. The top six teams qualify, with the top two earning a bye to the double-elimination portion of the bracket.



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Men’s Volleyball Picked to Finish Fifth in Inaugural Season’s NEC Preseason Coaches’ Poll

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BRIDGEWATER, NJ – The NEC has announced the 2026 Men’s Volleyball Preseason Coaches’ Poll, that featured the Manhattan Jaspers placing fifth, per release on Tuesday afternoon.
 
“I’m excited to begin competing this weekend, after a semester of hard work with the team,” said Head Coach Chris Schortgen.
 
“We have a competitive schedule ahead of us full of opportunity and I know our guys will make the most of these opportunities.”
 
The Jaspers open their stint as Associate Members of the NEC with a 15-squad roster, which includes 12 freshmen, and will be immediately eligible to compete in the 2026 NEC Men’s Volleyball Championship come the end of April.
 
Full List:
 
T1. Daemen (3)
T1: Saint Francis (2)
3. LIU (1)
4. FDU (1)
5. Manhattan
6. University of Maryland Eastern Shore
7. D’Youville
 
This season, the Jaspers have packed in a schedule that features teams like Penn State, and Loyola Chicago, while playing home matches against Roosevelt, and conference foes such as LIU, Saint Francis University, and FDU to open its Draddy Gymnasium residency.
 
The Men’s Volleyball program will open its first ever season on Saturday, January 10, when the Jaspers visit the Nittany Lions of Penn State for a 3 p.m. start in State College. The contest will be viewable on Big Ten Network Plus with a paid subscription.



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