
For football aficionados in the UK, the seemingly rather abrupt end of Amazon Prime Video showing Premier League games at select points in the season – especially in the pre- and post-Christmas window – is perhaps something of regret. It is maybe a matter of debate as to whether this regret is shared by the country’s online network operators. While mass coverage of games got glowing reports from fans, operators’ networks glowed almost literally. And in early December 2023, the burden imposed by mass demand for Prime Video viewers to watch Liverpool, Manchester United and Manchester City among others play on the same evening saw both football and online nets stretched, almost to the limit.
Almost immediately after, telecoms company BT brought MAUD on to the pitch. Not a substitute in the sporting sense but a new methodology designed to ensure that mass demand for the delivery of online video content – in particular sports and games – would not compromise the quality of viewing experience.
So what, and very much not who, is MAUD? Explicitly, MAUD stands for Multicast-Assisted Unicast Delivery and was unveiled by BT at the end of 2023 after research from the telco showed clear demand for live content.
Indeed, the data revealed that despite the popularity of on-demand content services, some 90% of the British public still consumed live content via television, with more than half doing so at least once a day. The content type was primarily news and sport. Furthermore, around the same percentage of viewers rated picture quality and reliability as the most important service delivery. With regards to sport in particular, viewers expressed a clear preference for picture quality and reliability in what they were watching.
As MAUD was being unveiled in 2023, Howard Watson, chief security and networks officer at BT Group, said traditional unicast technologies were inherently wasteful in terms of energy use in content delivery and wasted storage sat in BT’s server racks. He warned that as a content distributor or internet service provider, BT had no means of influence over the content providers to encourage them to deliver content in an energy- and network-efficient way.
MAUD’s basic aim is to improve the viewer experience and increase the efficiency of the complex network journey that content takes to reach them. Unlike traditional unicast delivery, MAUD technology uses multicast to group single streams into one shared stream and this integration is made completely transparent to the player application. That means content service providers don’t need to modify their customer apps to take advantage of the technology.
BT added that removing the need to select and serve millions of individual streams to viewers increases the efficiency of content delivery, but also reduces overall costs for broadcasters, content delivery networks (CDNs) and internet providers, with the potential to yield cost savings for operators as they can achieve their desired scalability without needing to expand hardware caches. Moreover, MAUD technology is said to use up to 50% less bandwidth during peak events, reducing energy consumption through the use of fewer caches. By freeing up internet capacity, MAUD is also said to deliver a higher quality of experience for live and non-live content.
Testing times
A number of major broadcasters and content companies have been trialling the technology since 2024 and major broadcasters, including the BBC, have been involved in evaluating the technology. BT has a long history of working with content partners and sees MAUD as likely to prove of great use in large-scale football events such as the forthcoming World Cup and the Euros.
Broadpeak and Edgio have been key technology partners in the development of MAUD. BT first started working with the former just over a year ago. Broadpeak provided components to create what the two firms say will be the world’s first MAUD-enabled network, including the Broadpeak nanoCDN multicast adaptive bitrate (mABR) technology, a widely deployed service across the world for video streaming. MAUD’s architecture is attributed with taking mABR one step further by integrating with content provider player applications and eliminating the need to modify customers’ apps.
Four months after this development, in August 2024, BT announced that it had taken MAUD technology from proof of concept to real-world application in its first live content delivery network (CDN) deployment with Edgio. By building on the strengths of the proposed and accepted Open Caching standards, Edgio and BT Group are confident that that they can establish the mechanisms needed to share the required information for this partnership to succeed.
The two firms have been trialling the delivery of content from the BT-owned EE TV service on select set-top boxes in a live network since 2024. In March 2025, BT revealed that MAUD had seen its first test deployment, based on real BBC Two content on an EE set-top box TV platform in the live network. It showed that during peak times on the network, the MAUD solution converted over 60% of traffic from unicast delivery to multicast delivery, demonstrating the promised ability to flatten peaks of network traffic.
“Without doubt, the demand for live content will continue and innovation will be part of the answer to deliver faster streaming, of higher quality content, to an even greater number of devices,” said Chris Bramley, managing director, NAS and architecture, networks at BT commenting in March 2025 on the trial and the results seen to date. “As millions look forward to watching the next live event, we’ll continue to innovate and collaborate with content and application providers on technologies such as MAUD, to make sure we collectively deliver the best experiences for our shared customers.”
Indeed, as regards moving to the next stage of the trial, BT Group confirmed that it was looking to broaden the scope of its work to include more channels, build out the full feature set and test the addition of dynamic advert insertion, which it assured would enable a seamless, personalised ad experience for viewers.
While development is still ongoing, what is without doubt is that BT’s work will carry on apace. Viewers’ expectation bar for live content is only rising and another peak can be expected next summer for the FIFA World Cup in the US, Canda and Mexico which will see an unprecedented number of games broadcast on an unprecedented numbers of channels. The fruits of BT’s work should light up proceedings for viewers and not its own infrastructure. That will be the ultimate goal – on the pitch and on the network.