The decline of offensive lines in college football is tied to several factors, primarily the impact of NIL deals and the transfer portal. Programs like Washington have seen a mass exodus of talent, losing key players to the draft or other schools, complicating recruiting and development efforts. With offensive line units needing continuity for success, the shifting landscape is making it increasingly difficult for teams to maintain robust offensive fronts. Injuries and inconsistent lineups have further exacerbated performance issues, revealing a broader trend of declining talent and depth across the country.

By the Numbers

• Washington fell from No. 17 to 127 in pass-blocking grade.
• Last season, out of 40 All-America honorees, 36 were homegrown players.

Yes, But

Some argue that the increased movement of players has leveled the playing field, allowing schools that historically lacked depth to compete more effectively. However, the drastic changes have also resulted in a decline in player development and performance consistency at established programs.

State of Play

• The transfer portal has seen elite programs lose numerous linemen, while smaller schools gain these players.
• Injuries to key offensive linemen this season have impacted teams’ performances, revealing vulnerabilities.

What’s Next

As NIL deals continue to shape recruiting landscapes, teams may need to adapt strategies for building their offensive lines, prioritizing retention and development more than ever. The transfer market will likely see even more shifts in talent as schools navigate this new reality.

Bottom Line

The crisis in college football’s offensive lines highlights the need for programs to rethink their approach to player development and retention, as both talent and continuity are essential for building successful units. Success in the new era depends on teams mastering the complexities of recruiting and fostering a stable environment for their linemen.

SEATTLE – The Washington women’s soccer team has announced its Big Ten schedule for the 2025 season.
 
The Huskies will play 11 conference matches in all, five at home and six on the road.
 
UW opens its conference slate on Sept. 11, heading to LA to face USC. The Huskies return home the following week, hosting Northwestern and Illinois on Sept. 18 and 21, respectively.
 
A year after pulling the double over the Big Ten’s Hoosier State contingent, the Huskies will square off with Indiana and Purdue on the road on Sept. 25 and 28 before hosting UCLA at Husky Soccer Stadium on Oct. 4.
 
UW’s final two-match road swing will take place Oct. 9 and 12, hitting the road for Penn State and Ohio State, respectively. The Dawgs will close out their home schedule against Minnesota and Wisconsin on Oct. 16 and 19.
 
Washington will conclude the 2025 season on the road, making way for Eugene to face rival Oregon on Oct. 26.
 
For more information on the UW women’s soccer team, follow @UW_WSoccer on Twitter and Instagram.

Less than 48 hours after Washington lost in the College Football Playoff National Championship to Michigan in January 2024, it was open season on its roster. The primary targets were obvious: the Huskies’ Joe Moore Award-winning offensive line, regarded as the best in college football. 

Essentially, every scholarship offensive lineman on the team was contacted through intermediaries. It only became more complicated when it was clear that coach Kalen DeBoer was in line to take over for Nick Saban at Alabama.

Out of the 10 offensive linemen listed on Washington’s depth chart in the title game, eight were sophomores or younger. These days, two remain on the roster. Tackles Troy Fautanu and Roger Rosengarten declared for the draft. Center Parker Brailsford followed DeBoer and offensive line coach Scott Huff to Alabama. Guards Julius Buelow and Nate Kalepo transferred to Ole Miss. Tackle Jalen Klemm remained for a year but left for Arizona State after the 2024 season. 

Last season, new Washington coach Jedd Fisch trotted out three transfers (out of five spots) to start along the offensive line. The new-look Huskies fell from No. 17 to 127 in pass blocking grade, per Pro Football Focus. The team went 6-7. In the first seven years of the CFP, the national runner-up won at least 11 games five times the next year. Since Name, Image, Likeness laws became part of the game in 2021, two of three finalists finished with losing records the next year. 

Welcome to the new world of college football. Transfers and pay-for-play under the guise of NIL have created a chaotic marketplace that has hit the heart of the team harder than anywhere. 

At its core, the offensive line is the heart of football. It requires the most clear and coordinated action from the biggest and most lumbering of athletes on the field. It forces players to bulk up to tremendous sizes while retaining their balance, feet and hands. 

But in the era of NIL and the transfer portal, every player is a target. Last offseason, starting-caliber linemen had offers nearing $500,000, according to CBS Sports, making for truly difficult decisions. With revenue sharing on the horizon, the offers have gotten higher. Development falls to the wayside. Priorities shift. And, even for the best coaches in the game, stocking a championship-level offensive line rotation has never been more complicated. 

“Wherever I’ve been, the development of offensive linemen is still the same, but the keeping [of] them is totally different,” Arkansas coach Sam Pittman told CBS Sports. “I have been surprised when guys come in here and they’re going, ‘Coach, I need X amount of dollars.’ I go, ‘God dang, man, you played two games.'” 

The root of the problem

Legendary Notre Dame offensive lineman Aaron Taylor has made it his life’s work to bring attention to offensive linemen. In 2015, the CBS Sports analyst helped launch the Joe Moore Award, the only major college football honor that annually spotlights a unit instead of an individual. 

Taylor identifies six key criteria as being central to the award: toughness, effort, teamwork, consistency, technique and finishing. He points to 2016 Iowa as one of the most emblematic groups to ever win the award. Finding comparable offensive lines is getting more difficult in this era. 

“Fundamentals and physicality are what launched this award,” Taylor told CBS Sports. “That’s becoming harder and harder to find.” 

All the outside forces impacting college football have done a number on offensive linemen, who are more context-dependent than anyone outside of quarterback. Physically, players have to take part in a development plan that will take several years, even for elite prospects. Mentally, every system asks for precise movement and technique. There’s little preparation for it, and finding comfort in your development process is critical. 

“Offensive line is the most developmental of all positions,” Miami offensive line coach Alex Mirabal told CBS Sports. “You know why? Blocking is not natural. It’s something that you have to teach from the ground up, and it takes time. You’re teaching them to do something that’s unnatural. These bodies are so big, it takes time to gain the core strength they need being a 345-pound man. It just takes time.” 

Even for elite offensive line evaluators, it takes time to know what they have. Take Texas offensive line coach Kyle Flood. He signed 17 offensive linemen in his first four years with the program, including the 2021 transitional class. All five starters on the 2024 offensive line were homegrown players, but not necessarily the most obvious prospects. 

Guard DJ Campbell and tackle Kelvin Banks were the Longhorns’ No. 1 and 2 linemen in their recruiting class, but No. 6 Cameron Williams emerged as a star at right tackle. Center Jake Majors and guard Hayden Conner were older players who found their groove late in their careers. Only six of Flood’s 17 linemen have started a game heading into 2025; Banks was the only true freshman to do so. The rest needed time. 

“It’s not easy evaluating big people,” said Andrew Ivins, who oversees recruiting rankings for 247Sports. “Football is a genetic sport where size is always going mater. So, not only do you have to find the biggest individuals, but you have to find the ones with the quickness and balance to counter all the twitched-up pass rushers that everyone is rostering these days. 

Of course, those same individuals must also be willing to drive an assignment into the ground every single snap while sealing off run lanes. It’s a taxing job and it’s extremely difficult to identify the ones that are going to have a chance to do it at the game’s highest levels when they are 15, 16 and 17 years old.”

Hanging over the position group, too, is the schematic change in the game. Increased passing meant that linemen trained far more moving backwards than pushing forward. Quick passing and the run-pass option both de-emphasize lines and let players hold their blocks for shorter periods of time, making fundamentals less costly. 

Offensive Line Trends (P4 vs. P4)

Continuity along the offensive line is paramount as five players aim to act as one. The results speak for themselves. Out of 40 players to earn All-America honors from CBS Sports in each of the four post-NIL seasons, 36 were homegrown players. Out of 50 players to start on a Joe Moore Award semifinalist in 2024, 39 of them were homegrown. Two of the three finalists, Army and Texas, were completely built through high school recruiting. 

Part of it comes down to priority; elite offensive line prospects are well taken care of by their original schools. However, there’s little replication for units growing and developing together over the course of multiple years, both physically and in communication. The consequences over hundreds of snaps can be devastating. 

“Consistency across the offensive line in general is huge because one bad play from the offensive line can blow up an entire drive,” Pro Football Focus head of analysis Billy Moy told CBS Sports. “As soon as you start to remove parts of that consistency, the floor isn’t necessarily going down a little. You’re going way down because of the ramifications it can have, especially in the college season where every single win matters.” 

The cost of transfers

Pittman is considered one of the great offensive line coaches in history after developing many of the best units of the past several years. He was offensive line coach at Georgia when the program brought many elite players into the program, including most of the starters that ultimately won back-to-back national championships. 

As a head coach, though, results have been more mixed. The 2021 group was great. The 2023 one struggled. Last year, Arkansas managed to pull together a solid offensive line behind four transfers. After the season, two transferred out along with three other key depth pieces. 

“Now it’s a deal where the cohesiveness of that group is not the same,” Pittman said of rotating transfers. “And I think there’s so much power in the cohesiveness of the group. It’s the most players in one area at a time and it’s a vital part of the team. So the camaraderie and the togetherness of that room is not the same.” 

Arkansas, like many teams, feels decent about their potential starting five. Past that, it’s getting harder to know. The lack of quality depth has been a major red flag for even many of the elite teams in college football. 

“One of the things we noticed this year was that a single injury was having not just a 1-time effect but a 2- or 2.5-time effect on the play of the unit as a whole,” Taylor said. “We’re still trying to figure out what the hell was going on, but when playoff teams all suffered major injuries, the decline in play was seismic. A lot of them fought hard and got better as the season went along, but that’s something we hadn’t seen before.” 

Oregon was one such team last year as the Ducks played depth to start the season. Idaho and Boise State stymied the unit as the games were decided by a combined 13 points. Losing a center can prove especially devastating as the calls and communication structure can change with another snapper. 

Ohio State, the eventual national champions, also had to fight through some major injuries. Left tackle Josh Simmons, a future first round pick, tore his ACL in a loss to Oregon. Weeks later, center Seth McLaughlin tore his Achilles and Ohio State’s offensive line strung together a disastrous performance in a loss to Michigan. They eventually pulled together behind a monstrous effort from star Donovan Jackson, but a previous CFP system wouldn’t have been quite as forgiving. 

While the transfer losses can cause discomfort in a single season, it can completely screw up the long-term planning. A few whiffs, a few transfers and suddenly a projected offensive line depth chart for the next year can vanish. When that happens, you have no choice but to return to the portal once again. 

Flattening the field

Four years into the NIL era, offensive lines are less consistent. There’s little argument. The days of Alabama or Georgia hoarding the very best players in America and deploying generational lines is simply over. However, while the top groups are leaking talent, the rest are taking advantage. 

Last season, the gap between the No. 2 Georgia and No. 11 Penn State in the 247Sports Talent Composite was one of the smallest gaps between two such spots in recent years. That lack of depth is starting to drag elite teams back to the pack. 

“To me, it’s almost like a redistribution of wealth,” Moy said. “If Alabama recruits eight offensive line prospects in a given season, half those guys aren’t going to see the field at all. It just allows other schools to go after those sorts of guys. As the wealth gets spread around and more floors get raised, that’s how you’re going to see that gap closing from the middle up as teams just get more consistently good across that spot.” 

Season of major parity for college football in 2025? Deep contender field looks to break glass ceiling

Chris Hummer

That Alabama redistribution has already been felt. In 2023 and 2024, seven Alabama offensive linemen transferred from the program. Five of them became primary starters at power conference schools. Where the Tide lose depth, programs like TCU and Florida gain starters. It allows players to get both the most money and also create the best possible fit. 

Additionally, the NIL component has been a serious game changer in shaping recruiting battles. Suddenly, the elite level schools are starting to get squeezed by newcomers for top prospects. 

“I think that we all thought that when NIL came in that there would be superteams because some would have more money than others,” Pittman said. “But what we’ve seen is that parity has grown. I think that has a lot of correlation between the quarterback and the offensive line.” 

Take a player like Jackson Cantwell, rated one of the top offensive line prospects in the Class of 2026. He was considered a Georgia lean for much of his process. At the end, Miami came to the table. They offered him both significant money and a coaching staff that has done exceptionally well with offensive linemen. NIL gave them the chance to make a closing statement that could compete with Kirby Smart dropping rings on the table. 

Since the days of Knute Rockne and Fielding Yost, offensive linemen are the players who have changed the least. Five big bodies are all that protects the offensive skill talent from some of the most athletically gifted humans on the planet. They have to do it while walking backwards, and getting little recognition in the process. 

Modern college football prevents a litany of complications. The Wild West of player movement has arrived. However, those who manage to ride the bronco and instill the fundamentals are the ones who are best positioned to succeed in this era. To win big, an offensive line coach has no choice but to convince players to stay the course. 

“You’ve got to develop your room as if you’re going to have them there for five years,” Mirabal said. “Even if your kid is coming only for a year, you’ve got to coach him up like if you have him. I haven’t allowed it to change what we expect from the players.” 

“There’s a lot of people talking about Group of 5, Power 4, the money and the resources and NIL. It’s about the players and it’s about lining up and banging heads and [may] the best man win. You saw that [Saturday].” — Northern Illinois athletic director Sean Frazier, after the Huskies’ 2024 upset of Notre Dame.

The MAC is proof that a big tent can produce occasionally incredible things. As college football keeps trending toward closing up shop and distributing more money to fewer schools, and as the idea of a so-called “super league” — one that would either limit or completely eliminate opportunities for MAC-level schools — continues to waft around, this league and its teams keep trying to find ways to make noise. NIU’s big moment in 2024 proved that, given enough opportunities, they can still do so. In the past 25 seasons, MAC teams have scored 78 wins over power-conference teams, and while nearly half of those have come from NIU (14), Bowling Green (12) and Toledo (11), 14 current and former MAC programs have posted at least one.

Current circumstances are making things awfully difficult, though. The bottom half of the MAC has always been pretty shaky, and 2024 was no exception: MAC teams occupied four of the bottom 15 slots in the year-end SP+ rankings, which also ranked 0-12 Kent State as the worst FBS team in four years. Then came a brutal offseason in which (A) NIU arranged to leave for the Mountain West in 2026, (B) MAC teams got hit harder than anyone else by the transfer portal and general attrition (the MAC’s 41.1% returning production average was more than 12 percentage points below the national average), (C) the reigning conference champion (Ohio) lost head coach Tim Albin to a Charlotte program that has had just one winning season ever in FBS, and (D) Bowling Green head coach Scot Loeffler left for an NFL position coach job in the spring.

In a college football universe with NIL money and unrestricted transfers, continuity is growing increasingly difficult in MACtion country. But the conference still boasts some proven coaches and high-level talent, and stars will inevitably emerge. Let’s preview the MAC!

Throughout the summer, Bill Connelly will preview every FBS conference, ultimately including all 136 FBS teams. The previews will include 2024 breakdowns, 2025 previews and team-by-team capsules.

2024 recap

NIU stole the early headlines, but injuries and offensive struggles rendered Thomas Hammock’s Huskies an afterthought in the conference race. By midseason, it became increasingly clear that Ohio and Miami (Ohio) were the MAC’s safest bets. Miami beat Ohio 30-20 in the regular season, but the Bobcats’ offense ignited from there, averaging 36.7 points during a season-ending seven-game winning streak that included a 38-3 throttling of Miami in the MAC championship game.

Continuity table

The continuity table looks at each team’s returning production levels (offense, defense and overall), the number of 2024 FBS starts from both returning and incoming players and the approximate number of redshirt freshmen on the roster heading into 2025. (Why “approximate”? Because schools sometimes make it very difficult to ascertain who redshirted and who didn’t.) Continuity is an increasingly difficult art in roster management, but some teams pull it off better than others.

From Miami corner Raion Strader (Auburn) to Bowling Green running back Terion Stewart (Virginia Tech) to NIU quarterback Ethan Hampton (Illinois) to Ball State tight end Tanner Koziol (Houston) to a number of high-level Ohio defenders, MAC teams lost numerous stars to power-conference schools. In all, eight MAC teams (including four with new head coaches) rank in the bottom 18 in returning production.

Toledo and Buffalo mostly avoided the same fate, however. The Rockets and Bulls both rank in the top 50 in returning production, and during an intriguing nine-win season in which his Bulls improved from 119th to 87th in SP+, second-year Buffalo head coach Pete Lembo was able to build a solid base of redshirt freshmen as well.

Despite losing Albin, Ohio attempted continuity by promoting offensive coordinator Brian Smith to head coach, and he was able to hold on to at least a few key pieces, including quarterback Parker Navarro, left tackle Davion Weatherspoon and safety DJ Walker. SP+ suggests that might be enough to keep the Bobcats in MAC contention.

2025 projections

Only four teams start out with top-100 projections, and they make sense: They’re the two who played in the title game last year (Ohio and Miami) and the two who return the most from 2024 bowl teams (Toledo and Buffalo). The odds of at least one of those teams clicking and playing at a top-50 or top-60 level are pretty good.

The odds are also pretty good that the bottom portion of the conference is going to be awfully poor. UMass returns to the MAC with a new coach (former Rutgers assistant Joe Harasymiak) and almost no expectations, and four of the bottom five slots in the recent SP+ projections went to MAC teams.

(* Akron is ineligible for the postseason due to APR issues.)

The aforementioned four top-100 teams have a combined 65% chance of winning the conference title. But I guess that means there’s still a greater than one-in-three chance of an underdog run, huh?

Five best games of 2025

Here are the five conference games that feature (A) the highest combined SP+ ratings for both teams and (B) a projected scoring margin of less than 10 points.

Oct. 11: Toledo at Bowling Green. Most of the MAC’s biggest games take place once the conference shifts to midweek MACtion games in November, but this will be an early tone-setter between a talented Toledo team with a navigable early schedule and a BGSU team with quite a few question marks and an intriguing new head coach in Eddie George.

Nov. 4: Miami (Ohio) at Ohio. Last year’s two best teams jockey for position. Miami is a projected favorite in the five games preceding this one.

Nov. 12: Toledo at Miami (Ohio). Two MACtion weeks, two huge games for Chuck Martin’s RedHawks.

Nov. 19: Miami (Ohio) at Buffalo. Make that three huge games in three weeks for Miami.

Nov. 28: Ohio at Buffalo. Buffalo’s schedule offers up a massive opportunity: After the season opener against Minnesota, Lembo’s Bulls are projected favorites in 10 straight games before Ohio visits over Thanksgiving weekend.

Conference title (and, technically, CFP) contenders

Toledo Rockets

Head coach: Jason Candle (10th year, 73-40 overall)

2025 projection: 72nd in SP+ (77th offense, 63rd defense), 8.8 average wins, 6.4 conference wins

It feels impossible to adequately evaluate Jason Candle. On one hand, despite running the program with more consistent investment and high-quality recruiting than any conference mate, he’s won only two MAC titles in 10 years. It’s always going to feel like the title rate should be higher than that for the Rockets.

On the other hand, Candle’s Rockets have won 11 games twice and have taken down Arkansas, Iowa State, BYU, Mississippi State and Pitt (the last two were both in 2024). His next win will be his 74th at UT, passing Gary Pinkel’s total for the most in school history. He fielded some awesome offenses early in his tenure, and when the Toledo defense crumbled a few years ago, he made a fantastic defensive coordinator hire (Vince Kehres) to right the ship. He’s never finished with a losing record. Basically, he’s been good enough to keep his job but not quite good enough to get hired away by power-conference programs. And with solid continuity (especially at QB and in a very good secondary), it sure feels like he’ll have a chance at a third MAC title this season. After a season-opening visit to Kentucky, the Rockets are projected favorites in every remaining game.

Beating Mississippi State (by 24!) and Pitt but losing to Akron, among others, certainly suggests things went sideways for a bit last year. The main reason was an offense that slipped to 88th in offensive SP+, the worst ranking of the Candle era. The Rockets scored 15 or fewer in four MAC games, losing all four, and the run game was the primary culprit: The Rockets were just 124th in rushing success rate. The line was leaning on youngsters, and the RBs didn’t break nearly enough tackles.

Candle didn’t make any major staff changes but brought in four offensive line transfers, plus running backs Chip Trayanum (Kentucky) and Kenji Christian (NC A&T), to shore things up. If those moves work, the passing game, featuring veteran quarterback Tucker Gleason, last year’s leading receiver Junior Vandeross III and NIU transfer Trayvon Rudolph — and, perhaps, sophomore and former star recruit Zy’marion Lang — could be the primary beneficiary.

There are fewer questions on defense, where Kehres’ unit has averaged a 55.0 defensive SP+ ranking over the last three seasons. Granted, every starter in the front six is gone, but end Malachi Davis and tackle Martez Poynter are sturdy veterans, and the portal brought players like end Louce Julien (6.5 TFLs at UMass) and linebacker Hudson Miller (five starts at Purdue). The secondary was the strength of the UT defense last year, and five of last year’s top seven return, including a dynamite nickel back in Braden Awls. Sophomore transfers Amare Snowden and Braedyn Moore, both former blue-chippers from Wisconsin, could contribute quickly too.

Ohio Bobcats

Head coach: Brian Smith (first year)

2025 projection: 80th in SP+ (83rd offense, 79th defense), 7.4 average wins, 5.7 conference wins

Ohio won 10 games under Tim Albin in both 2022 and 2023 but lost an incredible 10 starters, led by quarterback Kurtis Rourke (Indiana) and all-conference tackle Kurt Danneker (Baylor), to power-conference transfers. It was an absolute bounty of talent walking out the door. And then the Bobcats won 11 games and a MAC title in 2024. It was easily one of the best coaching performances of the season. But instead of attempting to pull off a similar magic act in 2025, Albin left for a new project at Charlotte, and OC Brian Smith moved up to the bigger office.

In quarterback Parker Navarro (2,423 passing yards, 1,143 non-sack rushing yards in 2024), left tackle Davion Weatherspoon, safety DJ Walker and corner Tank Pearson, plus returning running back Sieh Bangura (who transferred to Minnesota in 2024 but returned), Smith kept some proven pieces in Athens, and by MAC standards, continuity levels aren’t too bad. But the concept of the double-dip is still a scary one. They still must replace their leading receiver, at least three starting offensive linemen, at least four rotation linemen and basically every linebacker for the second straight season. Even if you survive major turnover once, having to do so year after year — and while changing head coaches, no less — certainly brings about more opportunities for regression.

Bangura’s return is a welcome one; he and Navarro form one of the most proven MAC backfields, but they’ll have an awfully new line in front of them. Those responsible for only 20 of last year’s 70 OL starts are back, and four transfers, including small-school starters Nick Marinaro (Dartmouth) and Josh Waite (Shippensburg), might have to make immediate contributions. Leading receiver Coleman Owen is gone too, potentially leaving a big-play void.

Smith wisely held on to defensive coordinator John Hauser, whose first Bobcat defense kept opponents both inefficient and nonexplosive in 2024.

Like Toledo, Ohio boasts far more proven entities in the back than in the front. The combination of Walker, Pearson, nickel Adonis Williams, transfers Rickey Hyatt Jr. (South Alabama) and Ronald Jackson Jr. (Montana) and perhaps a youngster like sophomore Tony Mathis should keep quarterbacks frustrated. But senior tackle Bralen Henderson will see lots of new rotation pieces around him. Senior ends Kaci Seegars and Walter Bob Jr. should be solid up front, but depth is an obvious concern. No returning or incoming linebacker logged more than 17 snaps in 2024.

Buffalo Bulls

Head coach: Pete Lembo (second year, 9-4 overall)

2025 projection: 91st in SP+ (104th offense, 78th defense), 7.7 average wins, 5.5 conference wins

Ohio’s optimistic projection is based quite a bit on the Bobcats’ strong recent history. Buffalo, however, seems to have quite a bit more in the “proven entities” department. Pete Lembo was Ball State’s head coach from 2011-15 and engineered as many bowl trips (two) as the program has seen in the nine years since his departure. He engineered immediate improvement in his return to MAC life too, and now leading rusher Al-Jay Henderson, leading receiver Victor Snow, three starting O-linemen and 12 of 17 defenders with at least 200 snaps all return. The large load of redshirts should assure solid depth.

The defense didn’t grade out any better than the offense last year, but it seems to have fewer question marks in 2025. End Kobe Stewart and linebackers Red Murdock and Dion Crawford combined for 42.5 tackles for loss, 37 run stops and 20 sacks last season — no one else in this conference boasts that kind of play-making star power. The return of 300-pound senior George Wolo (injured in 2024) should assure the requisite size up front. The secondary gave up too many big plays last season (especially considering the quality of the pass rush), but returning seven of last year’s top eight DBs and adding both a young power-conference transfer (Arizona State corner Keontez Bradley) and a small-school star (Shepherd safety Miles Greer) offers more options.

The offense has a bit more to prove, but size should help: From a pure height-and-weight standpoint, the depth chart should look like something from a power conference. Henderson measures in at 6-foot-0, 210 pounds, wideouts Nik McMillan (6-1, 224) and Chance Morrow (6-6, 195) could play big roles, and two potential all-MAC guards, Trevor Brock and Tyler Doty, average 6-6 and 325 pounds between them. Snow, a former walk-on, is a little guy in the slot (5-8, 165), but he proved steady and durable in 2024, catching at least four passes in nine games.

Note that I haven’t said a word about the quarterback position yet. With C.J. Ogbonna gone, offensive coordinator Dave Patenaude will likely be choosing between 2024 backup Gunnar Gray and, more likely, journeyman Ta’Quan Roberson. Roberson has thrown for 2,188 career yards and was decent at UConn (one of his three former schools) in 2023. He should be able to lean on a solid run game, but Ogbonna was capable of big plays here and there, and Roberson has averaged just 10.3 yards per completion in his career. MAC contention will probably require more than that.

A couple of breaks away from a run

Miami (Ohio) RedHawks

Head coach: Chuck Martin (12th year, 65-67 overall)

2025 projection: 96th in SP+ (135th offense, 35th defense), 6.5 average wins, 4.7 conference wins

Chuck Martin was designed in a lab to frustrate me. He eschews analytics as it pertains to fourth downs. (The RedHawks went for it just 11 times in 101 fourth-down opportunities, a 10.9% go rate that ranked 133rd in FBS.) He is all-in on the “play not to lose” game management approach, and it’s contributed to a 22-31 career record in one-score finishes since he began at Miami in 2014. He’s old-school in a lot of unhelpful ways.

He’s also one hell of a program builder. He took over when Miami was at a particularly low ebb, and he has built things brick by brick.

Miami, 2014-15: 5-19 record, 120.0 average SP+ ranking

Miami, 2016-22: 40-40 record, 93.9 average SP+ ranking

Miami, 2023-24: 20-8 record, 63.5 average SP+ ranking

Martin and his remarkably consistent staff — in 11 years, he’s had two offensive coordinators and three defensive coordinators — identify and develop talent well, play physical and reasonably uncomplicated ball, put major focus on special teams and create the highest floor of any MAC team.

We’re going to find out a lot about the stability of said floor in 2025. At this point I trust Martin to continue to produce solid two-deeps with athleticism that exceeds their recruiting rankings. But … damn, did the RedHawks lose a lot this offseason: Every primary offensive starter is gone, as are basically 5.5 of the starters in the defensive front six. The secondary remains mostly intact, but ace cornerback Raion Strader left for Auburn.

Martin inked only three defensive transfers — a solid show of faith in last year’s backups and potential stars like edge rusher Adam Trick and safety Silas Walters. But the offense underwent a portal overhaul: quarterback Dequan Finn (Toledo/Baylor), five receivers (including former Notre Dame blue-chipper Deion Colzie), two tight ends and three offensive linemen came aboard. Finn, running backs Kenny Tracy (injured in 2024) and Jordan Brunson should form the base of a strong run game if the offensive line holds up, and the defense gets the benefit of the doubt. But losing this much production is almost a guarantee of regression. We’ll see if Martin’s program-building prowess can prevent a collapse.

Northern Illinois Huskies

Head coach: Thomas Hammock (seventh year, 32-38 overall)

2025 projection: 106th in SP+ (133rd offense, 61st defense), 6.3 average wins, 4.5 conference wins

Like many evaluation-and-development guys, Thomas Hammock was relatively slow to embrace portal life. NIU’s head coach brought in just 15 total transfers from 2022-24, but he’s grabbed 13 this offseason. He needed reinforcements just about everywhere he looked. The Huskies’ classic upset of Notre Dame drove an eight-win season — NIU’s third winning year in four — but Hammock’s Huskies lost their starting quarterback, their top two running backs, their top four pass catchers, five of their top six offensive linemen, and 11 of 16 defenders with at least 200 snaps (including the top four defensive tackles). Defensive coordinator Nick Benedetto left for Fresno State, too.

For a wobbly offense, this turnover could be seen as an opportunity for renewal. NIU ranked 115th in offensive SP+ for each of the last two seasons; the run game was decent last season, but the Huskies ranked 103rd in yards per dropback with no discernible explosiveness in the passing game. Hammock made an inspired coordinator hire, bringing in Quinn Sanders, the University of Charleston head coach who oversaw the No. 1 offense in Division II (per SP+). Charleston combined a relentless run game with over-the-top passing; one could see how that might be appealing to the physicality-minded Hammock.

Hammock brought in quarterback Jackson Proctor, a decent dual-threat from Dartmouth, but QB appears to be Josh Holst’s job to lose. The sophomore was strong in the Huskies’ 28-20 bowl win over Fresno State, and sophomore RB Telly Johnson Jr. became the go-to back late in the season. That’s a good starting point, but only one returning receiver gained more than 60 receiving yards, and the line will be loaded with sophomores and juniors. It’ll be big, though: Hammock has established a nice pipeline of guys listed at 6-foot-4 or taller and 300 pounds or heavier.

It’s harder to make light of the defensive turnover. NIU has averaged a top-40 defensive SP+ ranking over the last two seasons but basically returns 2.5 starters on that side of the ball. Defensive end Roy Williams and corner Jacob Finley are solid starting points on the perimeter, but new coordinator Rob Harley might need smaller-school transfers like tackle Dasean Dixon (Albany) and safety Jasper Beeler (Saginaw Valley State) to thrive quickly. Otherwise the two-deep will be loaded with freshmen and sophomores.

Bowling Green Falcons

Head coach: Eddie George (first year)

2025 projection: 111th in SP+ (98th offense, 121st defense), 5.3 average wins, 4.0 conference wins

Scot Loeffler was starting to get somewhere. After going just 7-22 in his first three seasons at BGSU, he hovered around .500 each year from 2022 to 2024, but the underlying numbers (122nd in SP+ in 2022, 94th in 2023, 77th in 2024) suggested excellent progress. In 2024, the Falcons had their best offense in nine years and their best defense in 11. But Loeffler left to become the Philadelphia Eagles’ QBs coach in late February — an understandable but extremely inconvenient move.

BGSU made an intriguing replacement hire, however, in Eddie George, the Ohio State legend and, more recently, author of a nice revival at Tennessee State. After going 15-18 in his first three seasons at TSU, his Tigers jumped to 9-4 with a first FCS playoff bid last fall. He brought both TSU coordinators with him (OC Travis Partridge, DC Brandon Fisher), and after Loeffler had already added 15 transfers in the winter, George signed another 10.

Translation: This is going to be a new team. BGSU’s 59 returning starts are the third lowest in a turnover-heavy conference, and 47 of those starts are from one unit (OL). The defense returns basically 0.5 starters (safety Darius Lorfils, who started six games).

I’m really intrigued by some of the defensive newcomers, though. Defensive tackle Eriq George (son of the coach) had 12.5 TFLs for TSU, and linebacker Gideon Lampron had 26.5 TFLs at Dayton. Corners Mark Cannon Jr. (Illinois State) and Jalen McClendon (TSU) combined for four picks and 32 pass breakups. Throw in some youngsters with strong recruiting rankings — defensive lineman Collins Acheampong (UCLA), linebacker Andrew Hines (Wake Forest), safety Jay’Quan Bostic (Toledo), corner Key’on Washington (West Virginia) — and George might have something here.

The offense might not have quite as much upside, but experience could produce a high floor. The line indeed returns four starters, all seniors, and veterans Drew Pyne (Mizzou) and Justin Lamson (Stanford) will compete at QB. The skill corps, however, is a total mystery. Tight end Arlis Boardingham (Florida) is athletic, and receivers Brennan Ridley (Hampton) and Allen Middleton (Southern Illinois) combined for 1,018 receiving yards as FCS freshmen, but it’s hard to determine who might see a ton of the ball in 2025.

Central Michigan Chippewas

Head coach: Matt Drinkall (first year)

2025 projection: 117th in SP+ (127th offense, 102nd defense), 5.3 average wins, 4.0 conference wins

Matt Drinkall inherits personnel from a team that won only 13 games in its last three years under Jim McElwain, and he might institute a pretty big stylistic shift with unproven offensive personnel. This doesn’t feel like the start of an “a couple of breaks away from a run” tale. But a friendly schedule and actual defensive continuity — a rare commodity in this conference — might make the Chippewas improvement candidates.

Drinkall brings NAIA success to the table — he improved Kansas Wesleyan from 2-9 to 13-1 with a playoff semifinal run over five years in Salina — and he was asked by Jeff Monken to modernize Army’s option attack following rule changes in 2023. The changes didn’t really take, and he was demoted to Army O-line coach in 2024, but the Iowa grad still has Midwestern ties and an interesting offensive background.

We probably won’t see much of an option attack with incumbent Joe Labas the likely starting QB. Labas started half of 2024 before a season-ending injury; his full-season numbers (seven TDs, seven INTs) were colored by a horrid, five-INT performance against Florida International, but he wasn’t much of a runner regardless. The return of slot man Tyson Davis (injured in 2023) assures at least one experienced wideout, but no other returnee had more than 66 receiving yards in 2024, and Tulane transfer Trey Cornist is officially the most proven running back … with 149 rushing yards last year. Drinkall is an O-line guy, and CMU should have good size up front, plus maybe some help from FCS transfers John Iannuzzi (Columbia) and Jacob Russell (Valpo).

Veteran Sean Cronin, most recently Army’s D-line coach, takes over as defensive coordinator, and his No. 1 task is bringing stability to a dramatically all-or-nothing unit: CMU ranked 11th nationally in stuff rate and 13th in sack rate but gave up a spectacular number of big plays. Linebackers Jordan Kwiatkowski and Dakota Cochran (combined: 23.5 TFLs) are thrilling, and safety Caleb Spann thrives near the line of scrimmage. They are undeniable playmakers, and cornerback Kalen Carroll (Cincinnati) is one of the conference’s few incoming power-conference starters. But glitches were devastating in 2024, and Cronin will likely dial the risk profile back a bit.

Eastern Michigan Eagles

Head coach: Chris Creighton (12th year, 57-75 overall)

2025 projection: 113th in SP+ (116th offense, 111th defense), 5.1 average wins, 3.5 conference wins

Chris Creighton has been pulling off .500ish seasons at EMU for long enough that we’re forgetting how impressive going .500 at EMU really is. The Eagles won five games just three times in the 24 seasons before Creighton’s arrival from Drake in 2014, and now they’ve bowled six times in the past nine years. Collapsing from 5-2 to 5-7 last year, thanks to both epic injury issues and close defeats, was a genuine disappointment instead of a roundabout accomplishment.

With so many MAC programs dealing with major turnover, this would feel like an opportunity for Creighton and EMU … if they weren’t dealing with the same thing. The Eagles return only four players who started more than five games last season, though the injuries meant that quite a few of the returnees saw the field. That’s especially true on defense, where 11 returnees started at least once. Still, Creighton brought in seven defensive transfers (plus four JUCOs) to assure a rebound for a unit that collapsed from 67th to 115th in defensive SP+. New playmakers need to emerge, but defensive end Jefferson Adam made 5.5 TFLs in just 185 snaps, and nickel back Barry Manning had three run stops and two pass breakups in 193 snaps; both could become stars with starter-level playing time.

The offense collapsed to 130th in offensive SP+ in 2023 but rebounded a bit last year despite 18 guys starting at least one game. Only six of those 18 return, but I’m intrigued by newcomers like quarterback Cameron Edge (Maryland) and running back James Jointer Jr. (Liberty), and receiver Terry Lockett Jr. is one of the league’s more explosive returning wideouts. The bar for further improvement is pretty low — just keep guys semi-healthy, and you could return to the top 100.

Since Creighton’s arrival, only NIU has played in more one-score games among MAC teams than EMU — almost surprising considering EMU’s fast-paced offense and fourth-down willingness — and that dynamic probably won’t change in 2025: Ten of the Eagles’ 12 games are projected within single digits, and six of the last eight are projected within a touchdown. Win the close ones they didn’t win last year, and 2025 will be pretty exciting.

Just looking for a path to 6-6

Western Michigan Broncos

Head coach: Lance Taylor (third year, 10-15 overall)

2025 projection: 118th in SP+ (112th offense, 117th defense), 4.8 average wins, 3.5 conference wins

After back-to-back losing seasons for a seemingly stalling WMU program, 2024 brought some positivity: Thanks primarily to a 5-1 record against teams ranked in the triple digits in SP+, Lance Taylor’s Broncos eked out six wins and a bowl bid.

In terms of balancing efficiency and explosiveness, the WMU offense was one of the more well-rounded in the conference.

Walt Bell’s offense is predicated around strong rushing and quick passing; it’s an obvious concern that only 2.5 starters return (tight end Blake Bosma, guard John Hofer and receiver and seven-game starter Malique Dieudonne), but junior running back Jalen Buckley (683 yards, nine TDs) is good, Bosma (88% catch rate) is an efficiency cheat code, and Taylor brought in intriguing power-conference transfers such as running back Cole Cabana (Michigan), receiver Christian Leary (Alabama/Georgia Tech) and linemen Raheem Anderson (Michigan) and Hunter Whitenack (Illinois). Quarterback Hayden Wolff is gone, but I think either sophomore Broc Lowry or JC All-American Brady Jones will fill in pretty well there.

The defense hasn’t yet generated any traction under Taylor, who is on his third coordinator in three years. New DC Chris O’Leary was a Notre Dame analyst and, in 2024, the safeties coach for Jim Harbaugh’s L.A. Chargers. This feels like a high-ceiling, low-floor hire, and O’Leary’s success in 2025 will be derived primarily from a number of smaller-school transfers, the most intriguing of which are probably defensive end Kershawn Fisher (Nicholls), linebacker Sefa Saipaia (Ferris State), corner Jordon Thomas (Eastern Kentucky) and safety Marvin Smith (Alabama A&M). Returning safety Tate Hallock is a keeper, but newcomers will tell the tale.

Akron Zips

Head coach: Joe Moorhead (fourth year, 8-28 overall)

2025 projection: 132nd in SP+ (131st offense, 120th defense), 4.5 average wins, 3.2 conference wins

In three years at Akron, Joe Moorhead has proved to be a pretty solid talent evaluator, and going 4-8 in 2024 — after the Zips went a combined 7-47 from 2019-23 — was an undeniable success. But hard jobs remain hard in perpetuity; Moorhead hasn’t made any progress on offense (average offensive SP+ ranking: 126.7), the Zips’ APR scores have dropped enough to get them banned from the postseason (not that six wins was particularly likely anyway), and Moorhead’s primary reward for solid talent identification is that said talent has been plucked away: Seven Zips transferred to power-conference teams this offseason.

It’s kind of a lost year already, in other words. But in Michael Johnson Jr. (Syracuse), running back Chris Gee (Colgate), O-lineman Allen Jones Jr. (West Alabama), prolific linebacker Cam Hollobaugh (Walsh), safety Mehki Flowers (Penn State) and others, Moorhead’s 2025 transfer haul has decent upside. So, too, might returnees like veteran quarterback Ben Finley, 6-foot-7 defensive end Bruno Dall, linebacker Shammond Cooper (injured in 2023) and junior corner Elijah Reed.

Akron is a projected favorite in only three games but is a projected one-score underdog in five others — overachieving against projections just a little could make this a decent season, even if bowling is already off the table.

Ball State Cardinals

Head coach: Mike Uremovich (first year)

2025 projection: 134th in SP+ (123rd offense, 131st defense), 3.4 average wins, 2.5 conference wins

After the slow rise and equally slow fall of the eight-year Mike Neu era, Mike Uremovich takes the reins at BSU. The NIU grad and former Temple and NIU offensive coordinator knows the MAC and has crafted success from limited Midwestern resources at both NAIA’s St. Francis (Illinois) and FCS’ Butler. His 2024 Butler team ranked 35th in SP+, easily the highest in the non-scholarship Pioneer Conference.

Uremovich’s offense is generally built around adapting to player strengths, and the primary strength of his 2025 Cardinals might be versatility. Senior quarterback Kiael Kelly is a better athlete than passer, and running back transfer Qua Ashley (Kennesaw State) caught 28 balls out of the backfield last year. Throw in slot man (and punt returner) Qian Magwood and 5-foot-8 Bucknell WR transfer Eric Weatherly, and you’ve got a set of bouncy and versatile, if not particularly large, skill-corps guys. They could also have the largest pair of tackles in the MAC with returnee Chris Hood (6-foot-10!) potentially pairing with Butler transfer Adam Dolan (6-foot-8), for whatever that’s worth.

Despite BSU’s defensive collapse, Uremovich kept coordinator Jeff Knowles in place, and with good reason: He was Uremovich’s DC at Butler in 2023. The defensive front returns disruptive options in linebacker Joey Stemler and tackle Darin Conley, but a poor secondary has been overhauled. Uremovich brought in 10 defensive transfers, but only three are seniors — this might be a multiyear rebuild on D.

UMass Minutemen

Head coach: Joe Harasymiak (first year)

2025 projection: 13th in SP+ (119th offense, 135th defense), 3.5 average wins, 2.2 conference wins

It’s been a pretty directionless FBS run for UMass. The Minutemen spent their first four FBS seasons in the MAC before choosing independence over all-sports membership, but after nine years and just 18 wins, they’re back. At head coach, they’ve tried veteran retreads (Mark Whipple, Don Brown) and young hotshots (Walt Bell), and nothing has generated traction. Now it’s time to go Full Rutgers. Massachusetts native Joe Harasymiak takes over after three years as Greg Schiano’s defensive coordinator at RU. Schiano is the ultimate, obsessive “skip no steps” program builder, and one can see the appeal to such an approach at UMass.

Harasymiak brought in 34 transfers, but while a few of them are seniors who could contribute quickly — quarterback Grant Jordan (Yale), offensive lineman Mike Entwistle (Harvard), defensive end Josh Nobles (Jackson State), linebacker Timmy Hinspeter (Rutgers), safety Malcolm Greene (Virginia) — some of the more intriguing players on the roster are underclassmen.

Redshirt freshman quarterback AJ Hairston could fend off both Jordan and Utah transfer Brandon Rose for playing time at QB, while transfers like running back Rocko Griffin (UTSA), receiver Tyree Kelly (USF), tackle Malachi Madison (Virginia Tech), linebacker Nick Hawthorne (Boise State) and disruptive safeties Kendall Bournes (Concord) and Zeraun Daniel (Georgetown) are all juniors or younger.

This is going to take some time. UMass is a projected favorite in only one 2025 game, but hey, when you’ve averaged only two wins per season in FBS, the bar for progress is awfully low.

Kent State Golden Flashes

Interim head coach: Mark Carney

2025 projection: 136th in SP+ (134th offense, 133rd defense), 2.8 average wins, 2.2 conference wins

If the bar is low at UMass, it’s just laying on the floor at Kent State. Under head coach Kenni Burns, the Golden Flashes went just 1-23 in two seasons, but it’s actually even worse than that: In my year-end, all-division SP+ rankings, they not only ranked a distant last among the 134 FBS teams, they ranked 227th overall, behind 79 FCS teams and 14 Division II teams. They would have been well below average in the FCS’ Missouri Valley Football Conference. Hell, they’d have been fourth in D2’s GLIAC. This was an utterly atrocious football team.

That just means there’s nowhere to go but up, right? Even with Burns getting dismissed at just about the most awkward possible time of year (mid-April) and offensive coordinator Mark Carney taking over as interim head coach, it’s going to be almost impossible to be that bad again.

I’m not going to try to sell you on the merits of transfers like quarterback CJ Montes (Fordham), offensive lineman Jamarcus Hill (Southeast Missouri), defensive end Jamond Mathis (Southern Illinois) and defensive tackle Thomas Aden (Pitt) or genuinely decent returnees like guard Dustyn Morell or nickelback Canaan Williams. I’m just going to note that, with so many other MAC teams facing major turnover, Kent State could be close enough to the rest of the pack to win a game or two. And when the bar is set at “midtier GLIAC team,” it’s pretty easy to maybe show a sign or two of progress.

MIAMI – If nothing else, there now can be draft clarity for the Miami Heat and the rest of the NBA, with Wednesday standing as the NCAA deadline for players to pull out of the draft and retain 2025-26 collegiate eligibility.

In that regard, NIL has made some of the scouting to this point null, with several returning to campuses for greater guaranteed money under the NCAA policy for Name, Image and Likeness.

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So Boogie Fland and Alex Condon can no longer be found on the big board of Adam Simon, the Heat’s Vice President of Basketball Operations and Assistant General Manager. Instead they will be found next season in Gainesville, playing at the University of Florida for more than if selected in the second round or signing after the draft as a rookie free agent.

And yet even while NIL now annually drains the draft pool by the NCAA’s opt-out deadline (the NBA’s formal early-entry opt-out deadline is not until June 15), Simon said he sees benefits of the policy not only to the draft candidates but also to the NBA.

“It’s a smaller early-entry list this year than the last maybe 10 years, where it’s maybe half as many,” Simon said of the initial list that now has been pared down. “I think players are seeing there’s a lot of benefit to stay in college. It’s helping them. It’s probably better for them than being a second-round pick and getting two-ways at this point.”

In 2021, the early-entry list initially featured 353 players for the 60 draft slots. This year’s list began at a more manageable 106, the lowest figure in a decade.

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“But for every player that goes back,” Simon said, “it gives another opportunity for somebody else. I think it clears it up a little bit. I think there’s going to be less players making that decision at this point.”

While the debate continues within the players’ association of an open draft without an age limit beyond high school, the NIL process largely has helped players who aren’t quite ready at a younger age, by still being able to cash out in college largely in the range of what would be afforded by a two-way contract.

The flip side has been a greater pool of polished prospects, with the Heat benefiting with the changing pool with last year’s second-round selection of Pelle Larsson out of Arizona and then of the post-draft signing of Keshad Johnson, also out of Arizona, both with full college resumes.

With NIL salaries (which essentially is what they are) for basketball prospects ranging beyond the $2 million range for a season (Cooper Flagg earned a reported $4.8 million this past season at Duke), the NBA rookie scale still mostly can top that, with a starting salary of $2.3 million for this year’s 30th and final pick of the first round. Plus, the sooner a player gets into the NBA, the sooner he moves up in the salary hierarchy.

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That, for the most part, has known first-round quantities remaining in the draft. But because draft evaluation is subjective, players projected by some in the 20s could just as easily fall into the second round. As a matter of perspective there, Larsson’s Heat salary this past season after his second-round selection was $1.2 million.

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So for a team drafting at No. 20 such as the Heat, a potential selection could wind up back at school for guaranteed cash. And while some teams will offer a draft “guarantee” for a player to assure a selection somewhere in the first round, that largely has not been the Heat’s approach.

Regardless, NIL, hardly a policy of the NBA’s own making, has reshaped what will be seen in the June 25 first round of the draft and the June 26 second round.

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Against that backdrop, and against the backdrop of Wednesday’s deadline to withdraw and still retain NCAA eligibility, Simon and his scouting staff now know the playing field.

“I think it’s a good draft,” he said. “I think there’s a lot of good talent that’s there. I think you’ll have a lot of good young players. But I think it’s too early to say how good the draft is at this point.

“But I think the players are getting better as they get into the league and I think it will continue to be better because players are staying in college longer at this point.”

The Heat do not hold a pick in the second round this year, which is when NIL could have the greatest impact.

“I personally think it’s going to change the back of the draft and the non-drafted group, because so many players are staying, players that would have been drafted in the second round,” Simon said. “But I think with the players that are going to be staying in, we have a good sense of the most talented of this draft year. I think it will be good throughout the first round.”