
NIL
Can Trump save college sports?

Last month, President Donald Trump finally waded into the college sports landscape with yet another executive order. Boldly titled “Saving College Sports,” the order comes after months of signaling his administration was going to fight on one more university battleground. Much like his other executive orders regarding colleges and universities, this one includes some good, some bad, and a lot of confusing open ends. Its highest usefulness, perhaps, is how it encapsulates most of the fault lines and growing pains plaguing college sports’ transition from school-sanctioned “amateurism” to something similar yet fundamentally different as student athletes are finally more fully compensated for their labors.
Back in May, Trump created a presidential commission on college sports, which included former Alabama and LSU head coach Nick Saban and billionaire and Texas Tech booster Cody Campbell. Saban lauded the executive order, having raised many of the complaints included in it over the past several years.
The order follows a landmark settlement in June between the NCAA, the nation’s largest sports conferences, and lawyers representing all Division I athletes that, for the first time, permits schools to pay student-athletes directly. The ruling in Grant House and Sedona Prince v. National Collegiate Athletic Association is the next major break from the old system that began in 2021 with the allowance that college athletes could receive compensation for their name, image, and likeness, colloquially known as NIL deals.

As ESPN’s Dan Murphy explains, since 2021, “college athletes have been allowed to make money from third parties via name, image and likeness deals. Boosters quickly organized groups called collectives that used NIL money as de facto salaries for their teams, in some cases paying millions of dollars mostly to top-rated basketball and football players. Now, that money will come straight from the athletic departments.” The settlement ended three separate federal antitrust lawsuits, which argued, correctly, in my opinion, that the NCAA was illegally limiting the earning power of college athletes. Furthermore, “The NCAA will pay nearly $2.8 billion in back damages over the next 10 years to athletes who competed in college at any time from 2016 through present day. Moving forward, each school can pay its athletes up to a certain limit. The annual cap is expected to start at roughly $20.5 million per school in 2025-26 and increase every year during the decade-long deal. These new payments are in addition to scholarships and other benefits the athletes already receive.”
In addition, the settlement stipulated that beginning July 1, any endorsement deal between athletes and third-party vendors and boosters will be vetted by the recently formed College Sports Commission to determine if it is for a “valid business purpose.” It is into this morass that Trump’s “Saving College Sports” order waded less than a month later.
The order touches on several key areas that are worth going over, not to find clarity — there is none, nor shall there be for the foreseeable future, unfortunately — but to better comprehend the thorniest briars at play in the landscape of college sports and to determine what direction Congress and other executive agencies might go in the future.
In perhaps its most confusing section, the order prohibits “third-party, pay-for-play payments to collegiate athletes.” According to its fact sheet, “This does not apply to legitimate, fair-market-value compensation that a third party provides to an athlete, such as for a brand endorsement.” Crucially, pay-for-play payments are already barred under NCAA rules and have been since the NIL allowances were put in place. For example, a Texas oil billionaire can’t give his alma mater’s star wide receiver $1 million simply because he’s a very good wide receiver who plays for his team. Instead, what we have is what was explained above, endorsement deals by third-party vendors or boosters to pay players for their name, image, or likeness. This hypothetical Texas booster cannot pay for on-the-field performance, but Pete’s Tires And Also Oil could pay that same player for appearances at their store or in their commercials. This is, of course, the same thing with just more steps, and the order offers no clarity or differentiation from the status quo. Indeed, it does not aid in the definition of terms or delineation of what is a legitimate business purpose as required by the College Sports Commission and the House v. NCAA settlement. This is one of the major litigation and regulation hurdles for college sports, determining where these lines are.

As the great Andy Staples points out, this commission enforcement arm has already had to retract some of its rulings dictating which third-party payment businesses were considered legitimate. It originally barred businesses charging for the opportunity to meet players, but it was forced to revoke that stricture once players’ lawyers argued that it is, quite obviously, a legitimate business model in any other context, such as the service Cameo or any number of celebrity meet-and-greet models.
There remains a further lack of clarity, as well, whether these collectives are viewed as an arm of the schools or if they stand alone as third-party actors or somewhere in between. This is particularly important as it pertains to the $20.5 million revenue-share cap imposed by the House ruling: If collectives are beneath the school umbrella, what amount are they permitted to funnel to specific sports, and through what method? If they remain outside, then any direct-to-athlete or direct-to-recruit endorsement payments continue to elide that cap, as is the case now, with countless headline-grabbing million-dollar payouts to star transfers.
Speaking of million-dollar payouts to star players, the order also includes the frankly baffling concept of monitoring a “fair-market value” for these payments. Firstly, what is fair-market value? Excepting bumbling governmental intervention, fair-market value is simply what people will pay. As Jake Crain of the Crain & Company show put it, this idea is “frankly un-American.” Furthermore, the idea of the College Sports Commission being tasked with this adjudication is laughable. The notion that, whether by algorithm or convention, they must determine every single payment over $600 to a student athlete to ensure it is not only for “a valid business purpose” but that it also meets some nebulous concept of “fair-market value.” Are deals weighted by geography and regional capital? Are positions — quarterback, running back, shooting guard, libero, coxswain — all weighted differently in compensation allowances? What about brand name, conference pedigree, or team quality? Arch Manning, Texas’s star quarterback of Manning family fame, undoubtedly has a higher Q Score than Taylen Green, my quarterback at the University of Arkansas. Manning has also won fewer games than Green, but he plays on a better team. One is reportedly receiving more than $6 million in NIL deals, the other only around $2 million. Is this difference representative of the fair-market value range? Is it “fair” that one receives three times the other while both receive 10-15 times more than offensive linemen on their teams? Who knows? Definitely not the government, I can tell you that, and probably not the College Sports Commission either.
On one of the thorniest issues for college sports, the executive order punts. And wisely so, I might add. “The Order directs the Secretary of Labor and the National Labor Relations Board to clarify the status of student-athletes in order to preserve non-revenue sports and the irreplaceable educational and developmental opportunities that college sports provide.” This direction is regarding whether student athletes should be legally, financially, and contractually considered as employees, contractors, the vaguely defined “amateurs,” or some fourth thing somewhere in between.

Calling student athletes “amateurs” was the NCAA’s decadeslong dead horse it’d lovingly trot out to beat any time it would receive correct pushback about not paying players any portion of the billions of dollars its collective efforts garnered every year. It still holds sway among many fans and lawmakers, and it is fairly clear — if not from the order, then from Trump, Saban, and the brain trust around his college sports policy team — this part of the order wishes the NLRB to define athletes’ status closer to the amateur designation than employee one. Nevertheless, not attempting to unilaterally define what is one of the crux issues at play in how and how much athletes are compensated is a wise decision from Trump and his team, as whatever answer we arrive at eventually will be one undoubtedly won in a courtroom.
The order also notes, but does not address in any detail, several additional considerations that often are overlooked in conversations about college football and basketball NIL deals and television rights. These include “the preservation and, where possible, expansion of opportunities for scholarships and collegiate athletic competition in women’s and non-revenue sports” and a directive to the “Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy and the Director of the White House Office of Public Liaison to consult with the U.S. Olympic and Paralympic Teams and other organizations to protect the role of college athletics in developing world-class American athletes.” There is a real fear, and potential, unfortunately, that the increased domination of the two major college sports and the coalescing of all major Division I schools into “super conferences” will crowd out the funding, considerations, and attention of other sports such as track, hockey, gymnastics, swimming, volleyball, and so on. This also relates to the development of U.S. Olympic athletes, the vast majority of whom participate in collegiate athletics.
While offering, quite bluntly, very little new to the conversation, the executive order at least makes clear the Trump administration’s priorities — largely aimed at preserving what remains of the old college sports status quo while providing regulated allowances to paying student athletes. As I have made clear, I have both functional and intellectual qualms with the design of some of these priorities.
But I want to acknowledge that I do agree with the purpose of them. Trump, Saban, and company are correct that the current system is untenable and could rupture into something unrecognizable from the college sports landscape that we all grew up with and fans such as myself have loved, pain and all, for as long as I can remember. Paying players is right and good, and much of this will, when the dust settles, shake out into something I expect to be far better than the worst-case scenario. But that reality does require some messy policy making and court battles: managerial due diligence that the NCAA and its feckless nanny-staters and hangers-on simply ran away from when they opened the doors to the wild west back in 2021 without a plan. Indeed, it’s quite clear their plan was Pontius Pilate’s: wash their hands of the whole enterprise and leave it to the government.
TRUMP SHOULD BREAK THE COLLEGE PIPELINE
As Trump’s order notes, there are 30 different state-level NIL laws and countless lawsuits working their way through various courts. Things are, in a word, messy, and will remain so for the time being until a more cohesive way forward is made. Congress is trying its hand with various salves, the most prominent college sports bill being the bipartisan SCORE Act. Sadly, it’s not a very good bill and is likely to face heavy resistance in the Senate — it is already being opposed by several states’ attorneys general, led by Tennessee’s Jonathan Skrmetti.
That’s not to say the sky is falling, though. The tumult of NIL and conference realignment will continue for some time before settling, but the sports themselves will stay at least as long as the television deals and generational rivalries do. Once we get some decent reins on this thing, it’ll run just fine.
NIL
So what are schools spending money on now?
Good morning, and thanks for spending part of your day with Extra Points.
I’m headed to Washington, D.C. (okay fiiiine, Maryland), tomorrow for the NCAA convention. Kyle Rowland of NIL Wire and I will be around until Thursday evening, and we’d love to say hello and chat! If you’d like to meet up, shoot me an email. We are also hosting a happy hour with College Sports Solutions at 8 p.m. on Wednesday at the Belvedere Lobby Bar. No RSVP is required, so feel free to join us for some beverages and off-the-record conversations.
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Since I’m flying Tuesday morning and will be out and about, I figured today would be a good day to open the ol’ mailbag and answer your questions. As always, mailbag questions are accepted on a rolling basis via email, Bluesky, texting, etc.

Some NCAA-sponsored sports adding plenty of new teams at the moment include beach volleyball, STUNT, women’s wrestling and lacrosse. These sports don’t typically require as much in the way of startup costs (you don’t need to build a new facility for a women’s wrestling program, after all), have growing high school and club participation levels and can provide a lower-cost way for schools to comply with Title IX sport sponsorship requirements.
Usually, if a school is adding sports, it’s because it is more focused on enrollment-related goals and/or Title IX/conference sport sponsorship requirements, rather than competitive excellence or ticket revenue generation. So sports that don’t require lots of supporting infrastructure and have access to enough recruits will always be attractive. That’s also why it is generally harder to add sports like hockey or baseball, since those tend to require more expensive infrastructure supports.
Across the country, and especially at the small school level, you also sometimes see growth in sport sponsorship that exists completely outside the NCAA. Examples of those sports include rugby, esports, ultimate frisbee and women’s flag football. Some of these may eventually fall under the purview of the NCAA … and some may not!
Speaking of spending money, reader Domo asks

Well … I think that depends on how you define “cutting back.”
It’s true that in Ye Olden Times (i.e., before 2020), it was common for schools to spend money on gold-plating locker rooms, practice facilities, meeting rooms and stadiums, all in the hope of improving recruiting outcomes. If you couldn’t directly give cash to athletes, the thinking was, you could woo them with sleep pods and podcasting studios and Big Buck Hunter arcade cabinets.
But if you want to play Big Buck Hunter, you don’t need to go to a school with a machine in the locker room. You don’t even need to go to Dave and Busters. You can just buy a machine yourself, thanks to cash. And schools, be it via officially sanctioned House payments or whatever we’re pretending marketing deals are, can now give athletes that cash directly.
I’ve heard of a few Power 4 programs that have either postponed or scaled back previously planned facility investments that would fall under this category so they can spend that money directly paying athletes (as well as other stuff). Personally, I think that’s a better investment anyway.
But not every facility investment is “turning the film room into a go-kart track.” Schools also spend money on facilities to do mundane stuff like “keep stadiums built in 1927 at least kinda up to modern building codes” or “add Wi-Fi” or “replace bleachers with actual chairs.”
In fact, because of this crushing need to grow revenue at every level, many programs are looking at spending more on facilities … to help their stadiums better monetize their audience. That means more luxury boxes, more high-end concessions, more bathrooms (so you can serve more booze), more parking and more experiences. Conspicuously absent from that list, of course, is more seating. Usually, capacity is getting smaller, not larger.
So I wouldn’t look for facility improvements or spending to bottom out in the near future. Schools are just going to spend on different things. The driving question at most programs right now is “how can we drive more revenue from our existing fans, corporate partners and real estate footprint?” … and the answer sometimes requires building more stuff.

Sure, I think that could happen. I’ve talked to some mid-major athletic directors and coaches who would explicitly prefer for that to happen (as a way for their schools to get some sort of long-term benefit for developing high school players who won’t stay), and I understand why lawyers, agents and reporters occasionally propose it.
I think there are two related challenges to implementing this system. One is the College Sports Commission. We’re seven months out from House, and nobody has gotten in trouble for breaking any of the rev-share or “third party NIL” rules. There have been guideline updates, and most everybody is making some sort of effort to at least partially comply, but there haven’t been any actual penalties.
Without some sort of regulatory system that is actually enforced, I don’t think a transfer fee system can ever actually work … since who will be in charge to actually make sure those fees are properly paid? Can state courts be trusted to enforce player contracts with schools? Can they enforce those contracts quickly enough? How will transfer fees be permitted to be used? Will they be taxable income?
Even if the CSC (or something else) gets patched up, I’m not certain a fee system can work at scale without either employment status or some sort of federal exemption that provides clarity.
But those are the same challenges to nearly every other sort of reform effort to player movement and compensation. I don’t think that’s unique to transfer fees.
A better way to trade Nvidia

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Reader Sheep Launcher asks:

Under the pre-2020 rule set, I would typically tell people there were reasons why sleeping giants were sleeping … and it’s uncommon for them to wake up. Institutions that appeared to have favorable demographics or resources, upon further inspection, often didn’t. You will not convince me that Maryland football, for example, is just waiting to finally become an elite program, no matter how many good athletes play at DeMatha.
But in the post-NIL, post-portal and post-rev share world, perhaps previous assumptions are worth revisiting.
If we want to use Sheep Launcher’s definition (a school that is reporting a lot of revenue but not as much elite success), there might be a few candidates.
I pulled up the FY24 top programs in royalties, licensing, advertisement and sponsorships revenue from the Extra Points Library. This might be a more useful proxy for revenue generation than total revenue, since isolating sponsorship money removes stuff like student fees, institutional support and “just having a huge stadium” from the picture.
You can probably predict the top teams: Texas, Michigan, Ohio State, Texas A&M, Florida State, etc. Surprisingly high is Louisville (sixth!), Arizona State (15th) and Nebraska (17th). If you sort by ticket revenue, there are a few other programs surprisingly high, like Arkansas (5th), Colorado (17th), Louisville (20th).
If I had to pick a program that was underachieving relative to total earned athletic revenues over the past few years, my answer would probably be Texas A&M, Nebraska or Washington. If I had to pick a program I think could become a substantially more successful department in the future, just based on revenues right now … I’d go with Arizona State.
I’m open to other suggestions, though. Leave ’em in the comments..
Let’s get out of here on this one:

Boy, this is a tough one, because I don’t think most of the other great college football turnaround stories were that sudden.
Take Northwestern, for example. The football team was absolute garbage from the late 1960s to early 1990s. In 1995, it made the Rose Bowl under Gary Barnett … but that was in his fourth season. The Wildcats went 3-8, 2-9 and 3-7-1 before exploding to a 10-2 record.
The faster Northwestern turnaround story was back in the dang 1930s. When Pappy Waldorf took over for Dick Hanley in 1935, the Wildcats went 4-3-1. The next season? They went 7-1 and held the No. 1 spot in the AP poll for three weeks.
Kansas State stunk for a few years before Bill Snyder broke through in 1993. Frank Beamer was bad or average for several years at Virginia Tech before the Hokies won nine games in 1993. Barry Alvarez had three losing seasons before making the Rose Bowl at Wisconsin.
I guess the closest thing we’ve gotten in the modern era was at UCF. In George O’Leary’s last season in 2015, UCF went 0-12. Scott Frost went 6-7 in his first season, and then won a national title* with a 13-0 season in year two.
But even that isn’t what Indiana did. UCF only really sucked for one season, and it took more than one to turn the ship around. This Indiana football story, as far as I know, is in a class of its own.
NIL
College Football’s Expanded Playoff Works. Its Rhythm Doesn’t.

One of the most compelling sales pitches for the new(ish) expanded College Football Playoff, now in its second season of existence, was that it offered more teams chances to prove their worth on the field, rather than in computer formulae or the backrooms of the sport’s halls of power. And with apologies to notable snubs like Notre Dame, that’s mostly been the case. Eighth-seeded Ohio State fought through the strongest opponents of any modern champion last year, while next Monday’s championship game will pit undefeated Indiana — who might have a case as the greatest champ ever — against No. 10 seed Miami, who earned every bit of their way to play the title game at their home stadium.
The price for all of that, however, was adding to the disoriented and discontented feeling that generally pervades the sport right now.
Last week, The Athletic conducted a “vibe-check” poll of college football fans, asking how they felt about the sport. And the results were not exactly pretty. Out of more than 12,000 voters, roughly 56 percent said they did not like the state of college football at the moment because “it’s a mess” — more than two-and-a-half as many respondents who said they liked the sport because “the games are great”:
To be clear, I suspect the majority of that comes from the off-field chaos — from money-chasing coaches like Lane Kiffin to the sense that NIL and the transfer portal have fundamentally turned college football into a completely different sport than it used to be. (A viewpoint with which I sympathize, though the upside has been to allow non-traditional powers inject the sport with much-needed parity.)
But other changes have plunged the sport still deeper into the uncanny valley between its amateur past and an increasingly professionalized future. I wrote last month about the toll the new playoff was taking on the last remaining vestiges of the classic bowl system, and this time a year ago I noted how absurdly long and drawn-out bowl season was in the age of the expanded CFP:
Just like last season, this year’s title game will take place a full 38 days after the beginning of bowl season — and 32 days since the opening game of the playoff itself. For comparison’s sake, pre-playoff bowl season used to span an average of 19.1 days, and the old four-team playoff lasted an average of 10.9 days from beginning to end. Now we will have a gap longer than that simply between Miami and Indiana’s semifinal victories at the end of last week and the title game a week from tonight.
If that (and really the whole thing in general) feels weird and long, it might be because we’re still thinking of things in college terms — when, like everything else in the sport right now, we probably should be putting it in pro terms instead. Here’s a comparison between various different formats (plus March Madness, thrown in for fun) when it comes to their average days until the championship at each round of the playoffs:
The 12-team college playoff has taken slightly longer (31.8 days) to get to the championship than the 14-team NFL playoffs (29.2). But generally, the cadence matches pretty closely, right down to the double-digit day gap between the semifinals and final. (Conversely, it would be a lot to ask football players to turn around within a few days and play the championship, like they do in basketball’s Final Four.)
So, then, what makes the NFL’s postseason rhythm feel so much more normal than college football’s? Well, in addition to the novelty of the college playoff even having this many teams and rounds, the NFL gets to muscle college off of the premium days for playoff scheduling. As Club Sportico’s Eben Novy-Williams notes here, the odd timing of the CFP’s biggest games is mainly a byproduct of the NFL’s dominance of the January calendar.
While college football “owns” Saturdays in the fall, thanks to protections in the 1961 Sports Broadcasting Act, those safeguards expire in mid-December, freeing the NFL to schedule late regular season and playoff games on Saturdays and Sundays. And rather than going head-to-head with the NFL postseason, the College Football Playoff and its TV partners must push marquee games to weekday nights where they can be the biggest event on the schedule. In their current formats, nearly 92 percent of NFL playoff games have been on weekends, while only 9 percent of college playoff games can say the same. (Many more have been on random-feeling days like Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and especially Friday.)
That tradeoff reflects a broader paradox for modern college sports: What makes college football special is its tradition and atmosphere — but what makes it valuable is television. And as the NFL continues to broaden its reach across more days of the year and college football continues to expand its playoff bracket, the latter increasingly finds itself chasing whatever visibility it can find, wherever it can be found. As a result, college football is now no longer the biggest thing on the calendar when its games matter the most.
That sensation, as much as any, is what fans can’t quite shake — even as the cream rises to the top more than ever and the football itself can be plenty exciting (when Indiana isn’t blowing the doors off everyone, that is). This no longer feels quite like the sport we used to organize our lives around, and the weirdo cadence of the playoff schedule is one of the most glaring signs of that shift. That doesn’t mean the expanded playoff was a mistake, but it does mean college football is asking us to recalibrate how we experience it: Following a game that looks like a pro league in more and more ways, even as it still demands to be loved like a campus tradition.
Filed under: College Football, Football
NIL
Demond Williams Jr. stays at Washington: Did revenue share contract work as intended?
It was quite a week for the Washington Huskies and quarterback Demond Williams Jr.
In the span of a few days, Williams went from signing a new contract to stay with Washington for the 2026 season to announcing his intention to enter the transfer portal. Two days later, he said he will, in fact, remain with the Huskies “after thoughtful reflection.”
A potential standoff between a star quarterback and a Big Ten program lasted 48 hours, but it still raised pertinent questions about the enforceability of revenue-sharing agreements that have become a predominant feature of major college football. Williams’ new contract with Washington will pay him roughly $4 million, a deal Washington made clear it had no intention of releasing Williams from.
It’s the latest saga in this new-ish era of college sports, one reshaped by legal battles and schools directly signing athletes to contracts. Universities are permitted to distribute up to $20.5 million in revenue sharing to athletes across all sports for the 2025-26 school year, a result of the multi-billion-dollar antitrust settlement agreed to by the NCAA and power conferences.
The disturbance at Washington was sorted out before things fully escalated, but it wasn’t the first contract dispute involving a college athlete, and it won’t be the last. Let’s examine the nuances of these revenue-sharing deals — and potential fallout when others inevitably go pear-shaped.
If a player breaches a revenue-sharing agreement… ?
The prevailing question for many in the industry is whether these revenue-sharing deals are actually worth the paper they’re printed on. If an athlete can break a deal and transfer to another school — presumably for more money or better circumstances — what purpose do these contracts actually serve?
“They’re not worthless,” said lawyer Cal Stein, who advises colleges and athletes on revenue sharing, “but they are very difficult to enforce.”
From a legal perspective, that difficulty is due to the blurred shadowland college football operates in, compensating athletes like pay-for-play employees without lawfully designating them as such. Revenue-sharing contracts are not employment contracts because college athletes are not employees — a designation the NCAA and member schools have resisted because of the added costs and responsibilities that would come with it. Think of these deals more like independent contractor agreements, a distinction that might not mean much to the average person, but is significant in terms of how contracts hold up under legal scrutiny.
“If push comes to shove and a judge takes a look at them, I think it will be interesting what that judge’s determination is,” said lawyer Darren Heitner, who specializes in sports law.
Last Thursday, after The Athletic spoke with him for this article, Heitner announced that he had been retained as legal counsel for Williams.
I have been retained as legal counsel for Demond Williams Jr. We have no public comment at this time. Updates will be provided as appropriate.
— Darren Heitner (@heitner) January 8, 2026
Many universities use a template contract crafted by the conference office, with each one adjusted according to state law and as each school sees fit. Commonly referred to as “licensing agreements” — because they license an athlete’s name, image and likeness rights to a university — it essentially allows a school to market the contracted athlete, often with exclusivity language.
These agreements increasingly feature early termination language as well, also known as buyout clauses, which stipulate dollars an athlete is responsible for redeeming to the university if they breach the contract before the end of the term. It’s usually a specified percentage or amount, such as the amount remaining on the deal once it is broken. This is similar to coaching buyouts, when a coach is hired away and owes money to the previous institution in the form of liquidated damages.
“The biggest difficulty is coming up with damages” — meaning a dollar amount — “that a judge or arbitrator will accept,” Stein said of revenue-sharing buyouts. “How can you quantify the financial harm a university will suffer based on a single player playing somewhere else? I could put on my creative lawyer hat and come up with some ideas, but it would be really hard to prove.”
Regardless, buyouts are becoming more common and can make for more efficient conflict resolution. Multiple power conference general managers tell The Athletic they have either signed players who had buyouts with their previous school or lost players with buyouts to other teams. Most are handled without public incident or additional legal action.
“It’s not prevalent, but it’s happening,” Heitner said. “Typically, there is a negotiation where a school starts at a specific number and then negotiates down, if the player has good counsel.”
One noteworthy wrinkle is that if a player with a buyout transfers to another school, the dollar amount of that buyout counts against the new school’s revenue-sharing cap for that fiscal year. That’s according to enforcement guidelines from the College Sports Commission, which oversees revenue sharing and settlement terms. Typically, a player’s deal with the new school will cover or account for the buyout in some fashion, but the new school is not required to directly pay the buyout fee to the previous school.
The Athletic reported last Friday that Brendan Sorsby, the top transfer quarterback of the current portal window, transferred to Texas Tech with one season remaining on a multi-year revenue-sharing agreement with Cincinnati that includes a $1 million buyout clause. It is not yet clear how Sorsby’s buyout will be resolved.
What happened with Williams and Washington?
We don’t know all the details of Williams’ initial desire to transfer, or of his swift change of heart to return to Washington. The specifics of his deal with the Huskies have not been made public, either. His agent publicly dropped him Thursday for “philosophical differences.” But we can glean that a potential buyout may have factored into the final decision.
Yahoo Sports reported Thursday evening that, if he left Washington, Williams would have owed the Huskies the value of his new contract (roughly $4 million), and if he transferred to a new school, that new school would have to count the $4 million against its own $20.5 million revenue-sharing cap for the 2025-26 fiscal year.
As The Athletic reported, this reflects the buyout language in the Big Ten template contract. Multiple versions of the template, reviewed by The Athletic, state that if a player intends to transfer before the end of an agreement, the athlete would owe the remaining amount left to be paid on the contract, unless the school negotiates a different buyout amount.
It’s possible a legal challenge would have delivered a different verdict or required a lesser buyout figure. But despite Williams retaining a lawyer, this situation is not headed to court. That itself could be a revealing outcome: In the end, the contract may have been strong enough to deter Williams from breaking it. The fact that he signed his deal less than a week prior probably bolstered that sentiment.
“If it’s a clear agreement that was negotiated by both parties, the damages are reasonable, those are generally enforceable,” said lawyer Paia LaPalombara, a former college athletics administrator who advises schools, conferences and athletes on revenue sharing. “A lot of it depends on how things are worded within the agreement.”
Do schools have recourse?
It’s common for revenue-sharing contracts to include language prohibiting a player from entering the transfer portal or another school from using their NIL rights, and there were reports that Williams’ deal with Washington includes similar stipulations. But those only apply if the contract is in good standing. No school will keep paying an athlete who doesn’t play for them, and there’s no contract that can prevent a player from quitting the team.
“You can’t force someone to stay where they are. There is a freedom aspect in an agreement that allows an individual to terminate that agreement,” said LaPalombara. “Can they terminate it for free? No, not necessarily. But you have the right to get out of an agreement. And if there is not language that allows for it, that can be taken to a court.”
If a school believes a contract has been breached and the agreement contains early-termination language, the simplest resolution is to pursue the buyout payment, whether in full or at a negotiated rate.
If a buyout isn’t feasible for whatever reason, a school can take a player to court or arbitration, which is a private form of mediation. Some schools and administrators, however, might be hesitant of how a legal battle with a college athlete will play publicly, even if there is confidence in the legal argument.
“College athletics is a very relational business,” said LaPalombara. “It’s less of a legal challenge and more of an optics challenge for some institutions.”
Though that dynamic could be shifting as well.
How existing disputes were handled
Late last year, the University of Georgia took former defensive end Damon Wilson II to court, with Georgia seeking arbitration and $390,000 in damages, claiming Wilson broke an agreement with Georgia’s NIL collective, a third-party group affiliated with the school, prior to the start of revenue sharing. The arbitration request was filed in the state of Georgia — contract law is traditionally a state matter — and Wilson, who transferred to Missouri for the 2025 season, later filed suit in the state of Missouri against Georgia’s athletic association, seeking his own damages. It’s believed to be the first time a player and school have taken each other to court over an NIL dispute, and both cases are ongoing. Wilson recently re-entered the portal.
Last winter, then-Wisconsin defensive back and South Florida native Xavier Lucas attempted to enter the transfer portal. At the time, Wisconsin claimed that Lucas had a “binding agreement” with the university. The university, with the support of the Big Ten, refused to enter Lucas into the portal as a result, even though it could violate NCAA transfer bylaws.
Lucas later un-enrolled as a student from Wisconsin and enrolled at Miami, where he is playing football for a team that plays for the national title next week. There were no NCAA or eligibility rules preventing Lucas from transferring without utilizing the portal.
“There is nothing improper about a student un-enrolling from one school and enrolling at another,” said Heitner, who represented Lucas. “My inclination is that no judge is going to [prohibit] an athlete from changing schools.”
In June, the University of Wisconsin sued the University of Miami for tortious interference, claiming Miami intentionally interfered with a contract between Wisconsin and Lucas. That case is also ongoing.
The NCAA has its own rules against tampering, but it’s so rampant in college sports that it’s become almost impossible for the NCAA to penalize it. But if a school believes that another school illegally tampered with one of its athletes in an attempt to break a revenue-sharing contract — and the first school believes it can prove that in court — it could attempt the tortious interference route.
What’s next?
Was the potential standoff at Washington a harbinger or an outlier?
It might be the shortest contract dispute we ever see, but the turbulence with Williams could be an indicator of future conflicts. Few would argue that this era of revenue sharing and NIL has done much to stabilize college sports, even if most agree that athletes deserve to be compensated.
But in the meantime, schools and conferences will continue to fortify the language in revenue-sharing contracts, and athletes with the most leverage — or legal horsepower — will continue to test those limits. Until the next saga arrives.
NIL
Ty Simpson reportedly receiving NIL offers to stay in college
Aug 30, 2025; Tallahassee, Florida, USA; Alabama Crimson Tide quarterback Ty Simpson (15) looks to pass the ball against the Florida State Seminoles during the second half at Doak S. Campbell Stadium. Mandatory Credit: Melina Myers-Imagn Images
Ty Simpson is receiving NIL offers to stay in college and transfer to another program ahead of Wednesday’s deadline to declare for the NFL Draft, according to AL.com.
Simpson has reportedly been offered NIL deals worth $4 million and higher with one deal having a chance to be worth $6.5 million, but he has already announced his intentions to enter the 2026 NFL Draft.

The Tennessee native started at quarterback for the Tide in 2025 after waiting three years for an opportunity to earn the role. He lead the Crimson Tide to the second round of the College Football Playoff in his first year as a starter before having to leave the Rose Bowl with an injury.
Simpson finished his first year as the Tide’s starting quarterback with 3,567 passing yards and 28 passing touchdowns.
Carson Beck was the latest high-profile college quarterback to back out of plans to enter the NFL Draft and take his talents to another school with a huge NIL Deal.
No signs point to Simpson doing the same at the moment.
NIL
$2 million QB could redshirt next college football season amid transfer portal entry
Under a week remains in the window for college football players to enter the NCAA transfer portal in the 2026 offseason. The portal officially opened on Jan. 2 and will remain open until Friday.
Over 4,000 players at all levels of college football have decided to enter the transfer portal in the last month. Some of the most notable entries into the portal include Power Four quarterbacks seeking better situations at their next school.
One of the first quarterbacks to enter the NCAA transfer portal in the offseason was former Nebraska signal-caller Dylan Raiola. He will have two seasons of eligibility remaining at his second school.
The 6-foot-3, 230-pounder was recruited to Nebraska by Matt Rhule as a five-star prospect in the Cornhuskers’ 2024 signing class. He passed for 2,819 yards, 13 touchdowns and 11 interceptions and led Nebraska to its first bowl game in eight seasons and first bowl victory since its win over UCLA in the 2015 Foster Farms Bowl.
Raiola broke his fibula against USC, limiting his season to just nine games. He passed for 2,000 yards, 18 touchdowns and six interceptions in his last year with Nebraska. Raiola announced his intent to enter the transfer portal on Dec. 15, 2025.
While many quarterbacks who entered the NCAA transfer portal were either clearly linked to another Power Five program or had already committed to one, Raiola’s portal journey has been much quieter despite his early entry. Some of the prospects for Raiola in 2026 are less conventional than those of most quarterbacks who enter the transfer portal.

Pete Nakos of On3 reported that one possible option for Raiola in 2026 would be to transfer to Oregon and that if Dante Moore returned to the Ducks, Raiola would still transfer there and use a redshirt.
“Sources have indicated that Raiola is in play to join the Oregon roster regardless of Dante Moore’s NFL draft decision,” Nakos said. “If Moore decided to return to school, Raiola could redshirt a season and be in line to start in 2027.”
Moore is currently projecting as the second best quarterback in the 2026 NFL draft behind Fernando Mendoza of Indiana. As it relates to Raiola, Moore also transferred to Oregon and redshirted a season while Dillon Gabriel started for the Ducks in 2024.
If Moore stays at Oregon and Raiola transfers there, it would resemble that of a transfer prior to the portal’s inception. College athletes used to be required to sit out one full season after transferring from one school to another, but that requirement ended after the portal’s launch.
NIL
Report: Ty Simpson drawing top-dollar NIL offers to transfer after NFL Draft declaration
Is Ty Simpson this year’s Carson Beck? That’s a question the talented Alabama junior quarterback could be entertaining as multiple QB-needy programs reportedly try to sway him to transfer rather than jump to the NFL.
Beck famously declared for the 2025 NFL Draft last January before reversing course days later and transferring to Miami, where he’s led the 10th-ranked Hurricanes to the 2026 College Football Playoff national championship game Dec. 19 against No. 1 Indiana.
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Simpson formally announced his intentions to enter the 2026 NFL Draft last Wednesday. But that move may be on hold after the Crimson Tide’s 2025 starter — through third-parties — has reportedly received high-dollar NIL offers from other Power Four programs, including one particular deal that could total as much as $6.5 million, according to AL.com. That reportedly includes three other SEC programs that are offering at least $4 million for Simpson’s services in 2026, per AL.com.
Prior to his draft declaration last week, On3 insider Pete Nakos reported Simpson was evaluating all his options regarding his future per his agent, Peter Webb of QB Reps. That potentially included returning to Alabama, declaring for the NFL Draft, or entering the NCAA Transfer Portal.
“No decisions have been made about Ty declaring for the draft at this point, and he is still evaluating everything with his family and close advisors,” Webb told Nakos.
Simpson has long been considered a potential first-round lock, and is currently projected to be the third quarterback off the board according to ESPN draft expert Mel Kiper Jr., behind only Indiana‘s Fernando Mendoza and Oregon’s Dante Moore, neither of whom have declared for the draft yet.
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Despite leaving Alabama’s 38-3 quarterfinal loss to Indiana early with a cracked rib, Simpson capped a strong redshirt junior season in Tuscaloosa by throwing for 3,567 yards and 28 touchdowns to just five interceptions in his first year as the Tide’s QB1. That included powering Alabama to an 11-4 record and a first-round victory over Oklahoma in the 2025 College Football Playoffs.
This news about Simpson comes two days after his two backups — redshirt sophomore Austin Mack and five-star true freshman Keelon Russell — both negotiated new deals with Alabama’s team collective, Yea Alabama, to return for the 2026 season.
The 6-foot-6 and 235-pound Mack saw the first significant action of his Crimson Tide career on New Year’s Eve when he replaced an injured Simpson in the second half of a 38-3 loss to No. 1 Indiana in the Rose Bowl national quarterfinal.
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