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How the Ski Business Got Too Big for Its Boots

More StoriesThis is what happens when companies don’t have to compete for labor. Thanks to industry agglomeration, ski-resort workers have only a small number of potential employers, making it harder to switch jobs if they don’t like the way a particular resort treats them. And supervisors can afford to be high-handed. During my tenure, for […]

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How the Ski Business Got Too Big for Its Boots

More StoriesThis is what happens when companies don’t have to compete for labor. Thanks to industry agglomeration, ski-resort workers have only a small number of potential employers, making it harder to switch jobs if they don’t like the way a particular resort treats them. And supervisors can afford to be high-handed. During my tenure, for example, instructors would sometimes have shifts added to their schedule without permission; at other times, they would have shifts canceled after arriving at work—meaning that they’d driven to the mountain only to get sent home without pay.For now, however, what’s on offer to skiers is governed by the unfortunate logic of mountains and monopolies. America has only so many ski areas, and as long as they’re controlled by a couple of conglomerates, the whole experience will continue to go downhill.Naturally, this strategy has worked well for both Vail and Alterra. Vail’s revenues have increased by 50 percent since my brief spell with the company in 2017. Alterra, a smaller company, is privately held and does not disclose its financials. But Big Ski’s business model works well enough at Alterra’s scale that, last year, it purchased a new ski area in Colorado for more than 0 million.For those unfamiliar with the industry, the union’s decision may have seemed puzzling. People who work on skis tend to love skiing, so why would they want to stop? They’re called ski bums, after all, not ski laborers. But for anyone who has been employed by Vail—and navigated the housing crises that plague resort communities—the union’s pleas are entirely comprehensible. The Park City strike illustrates just how distorted the American ski business has become, both for workers and for visitors. Central to the malaise is one trend: monopolization.As a result, skiers tend to buy either Vail’s Epic Pass or Alterra’s Ikon Pass, season tickets that, depending on category, afford varying levels of access to a selection of the companies’ resorts (and, particularly for Ikon, of affiliated ones). These passes offer a better deal than day tickets; in some circumstances, they give better value than the season passes of earlier eras. But they also represent an intricate form of price discrimination filled with disadvantages. Skiers must purchase them before the winter begins. Many of the passes come with restrictions. And, as a lump sum, they’re hardly cheap: The Epic “Northeast Value Pass,” for example, is about 0, and has blackout dates on Vail’s marquee northeastern-U.S. properties. Only the full Epic Pass, priced at roughly ,000, is limit free.The system has not worked as well for staff, who remain underpaid. Vail set its minimum wage at in March 2022, after facing staffing shortages and an earlier strike threat by ski patrollers. But that hourly figure is set against the extremely high cost of living in resort towns: In Park City, the median monthly rent is ,500, which is about what a Vail minimum-wage employee makes working full-time. Meanwhile, Vail’s charity arm continues to brag about helping staff with “hardship relief.”How a Strongman Made Himself Look WeakThis article originally misapplied a male pronoun to Quinn Graves. In fact, Graves is a woman who uses female pronouns.This new economic model means that visitors have fewer affordable ways to hit the slopes—especially if they ski only on an occasional basis. For instance, newbies may find themselves obliged to buy season passes just to spend a few days learning how to ski. The season-pass imperative also forces skiers of all levels to commit to one of two ecosystems, Epic or Ikon. This constrains people’s choice of where to ski, and makes planning trips with friends harder. What it does allow is conglomerates to keep people ensconced at company properties, buying overpriced food, lodging, and equipment.Support for this project was provided by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation.At the Park City resort, Vail owns a formidable collection of lodges and rental properties, but none of it was allocated to employees in my time. In 2022, the company began working with a separate development to help lease out discounted units for 441 of its staffers—but Vail has hundreds more employees at the resort, so those dormitories and apartments are nowhere near enough to make a very expensive town remotely affordable for most workers. In fact, according to a 2023 University of Utah study, only 12 percent of the community’s workforce live in Park City itself. This housing crisis is one of the main factors behind the strike. To help explain the picketing, Quinn Graves, one of the union’s officials, told New York magazine that most of her colleagues don’t live locally.That video came to mind last month when I heard that, starting December 27, Park City’s ski patrollers were going on strike to demand higher wages and better treatment. “We are asking all of you to show your support by halting spending at Vail Resorts properties for the duration of this strike,” the union said in an Instagram post. “Do not use Vail-owned rental shops or retail stores. Do not stay in Vail-owned hotels.”Most of the visitors who fly in to ski at Park City probably do not think much about these issues. They are, after all, there for a vacation, not for field research on economic injustice. But this season, they’ve had plenty of opportunity to ponder that: Because most of the resort closed during the patrollers’ strike, visitors had to wait in freezing lines for hours for brief runs down the few slopes Vail managed to keep open with supervisors and patrollers drafted from other mountains. Many of these guests, sick of Park City’s high costs, came down on the side of the strikers. Online, angry customers blasted Vail for refusing to give staff a raise. One person filed a lawsuit against the company in which he bemoaned how ski-ticket prices have risen “exponentially” over the past 10 years. In person, guests chanted “Pay your employees” while waiting to get on lifts.On January 8, the company listened. It struck a deal to increase average pay for patrollers by an hour and offer better leave policies. “This contract is more than just a win for our team,” Seth Dromgoole, the union’s lead negotiator, said in a statement. “It’s a groundbreaking success in the ski and mountain worker industry.” Other Park City employees, including instructors, have similarly cheered, hoping that the bump will eventually extend to them.For much of skiing’s history, mountains were locally owned and operated. But over the past few decades, that has changed. In the 1990s, ski resorts began buying other ski resorts. Private-equity firms got in on the act. Soon, these conglomerates were gobbling up one another, creating a small clique of businesses that had control over the industry. Independent mountains still dot the country, but most major resorts now are either owned by or associated with one of two giant corporations: Vail and Alterra.The Democrats’ Senate Nightmare Is Only Beginning


In 2016, I was hired to teach skiing at the Park City resort, in Utah. The ultimate fun job: For one winter, I would get paid to do and share my favorite activity.


Updated at 2:08 p.m. ET on January 12, 2025

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McCutcheon boys volleyball reflects on turnaround in first IHSAA season

LAFAYETTE ― McCutcheon boys volleyball coach Keith Crisler saw his players meld together after two years of learning the sport together. Boys who picked up the sport for the first time two seasons ago became a formidable group that learned to pass, digs and score points together as a unit. Advertisement McCutcheon was swept in […]

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LAFAYETTE ― McCutcheon boys volleyball coach Keith Crisler saw his players meld together after two years of learning the sport together.

Boys who picked up the sport for the first time two seasons ago became a formidable group that learned to pass, digs and score points together as a unit.

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McCutcheon was swept in the first IHSAA sectional boys title title on Saturday afternoon to Zionsville 25-19, 25-14, 25-18, but the program summitted after going 11-20 in 2023 and 6-18 in 2024.

For Crisler, finishing with a 15-10 record in 2025 was a breakthrough for his Mavericks.

More: Boys volleyball experiencing growing pains despite popularity in first season under IHSAA

“One word I would say is growth,” Crisler said. “Growth as individuals, as athletes and as a program in the sport. Boys volleyball and men’s volleyball in Indiana has (some time) to grow, but I feel like we’ve had a successful season because we took that pioneering step to learn something new and that’s not an easy thing to do.”

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The number of boys volleyball teams expanded from 35 in 2022 to the 133 competing in the IHSAA playoffs this spring.

As the competition grew, so did McCutcheon.

McCutcheon Mavericks defensive specialist Jack Smith (9) celebrates Saturday, May 17, 2025, during the IHSAA boys volleyball sectionals championship match against the Zionsville Eagles at Harrison High School in West Lafayette, Indiana.

McCutcheon Mavericks defensive specialist Jack Smith (9) celebrates Saturday, May 17, 2025, during the IHSAA boys volleyball sectionals championship match against the Zionsville Eagles at Harrison High School in West Lafayette, Indiana.

“I don’t think anyone should leave this season with their head down and their shoulders slumped,” Crisler said. “They are pioneer men and left their mark in their first official year in Indiana.”

The growth of McCutcheon volleyball was headed by graduating starters senior libero Khelan Patel, middle blocker Jayden Heygood, setter Kieraan Jordan, outside hitter Josh Madsen and outside hitter Malachi Kenner.

Patel, Heygood, Jordan, Madsen and Kenner were the “founding fathers of McCutcheon boys volleyball,” per Crisler.

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More: IHSAA boys volleyball sectional semifinals: McCutcheon advances to championship against Zionsville

“They are the true pioneers,” Crisler added. “A lot of what we did this season is because of them. With experiences they had and how they led the younger boys in our program, they should probably have a statue or something like that.”

Patel was a consistent libero who attacked and placed shot receives in playable directions for his offense.

“It just shows the effort and drive we had for the game,” Patel said. “I know all of us who have been playing, we go play during the offseason because of how much we love the sport. We really took it upon ourselves to grow the game, build the program and build what we had within our community at McCutcheon volleyball.”

McCutcheon Mavericks libero Khelan Patel (1) celebrates Saturday, May 17, 2025, during the IHSAA boys volleyball sectionals championship match against the Zionsville Eagles at Harrison High School in West Lafayette, Indiana.

McCutcheon Mavericks libero Khelan Patel (1) celebrates Saturday, May 17, 2025, during the IHSAA boys volleyball sectionals championship match against the Zionsville Eagles at Harrison High School in West Lafayette, Indiana.

Jordan distributed the ball as a setter but could also provide an extra body at the net to make blocks or earn kills and points for his team.

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“It’s truly something special to be there during the first year and build this thing from the ground up when it wasn’t a fully sanctioned sport,” Jordan said. “It’s just awesome to see it blossom into this and see it expand like football and baseball.”

Jordan and Patel saw the culture grow at McCutcheon through their activity, setting an example for future players to come.

“It shows how much we’ve grown from March 10 and the first day of the season to now,” Jordan said. “We’ve been really focused and bought into the program and this was our goal, to make it to the championship. It showed there was so much focus put into this team.”

Ethan Hanson is the sports reporter for the Journal & Courier in Lafayette. He can be reached at ehanson@jconline.com, on Twitter at EthanAHanson and Instagram at  ethan_a_hanson.

This article originally appeared on Lafayette Journal & Courier: McCutcheon boys volleyball shows growth in 2025 season





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McCutcheon boys volleyball shows growth in 2025 season

LAFAYETTE ― McCutcheon boys volleyball coach Keith Crisler saw his players meld together after two years of learning the sport together. Boys who picked up the sport for the first time two seasons ago became a formidable group that learned to pass, digs and score points together as a unit. McCutcheon was swept in the […]

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LAFAYETTE ― McCutcheon boys volleyball coach Keith Crisler saw his players meld together after two years of learning the sport together.

Boys who picked up the sport for the first time two seasons ago became a formidable group that learned to pass, digs and score points together as a unit.

McCutcheon was swept in the first IHSAA sectional boys title title on Saturday afternoon to Zionsville 25-19, 25-14, 25-18, but the program summitted after going 11-20 in 2023 and 6-18 in 2024.

For Crisler, finishing with a 15-10 record in 2025 was a breakthrough for his Mavericks.

“One word I would say is growth,” Crisler said. “Growth as individuals, as athletes and as a program in the sport. Boys volleyball and men’s volleyball in Indiana has (some time) to grow, but I feel like we’ve had a successful season because we took that pioneering step to learn something new and that’s not an easy thing to do.”

The number of boys volleyball teams expanded from 35 in 2022 to the 133 competing in the IHSAA playoffs this spring.

As the competition grew, so did McCutcheon.

“I don’t think anyone should leave this season with their head down and their shoulders slumped,” Crisler said. “They are pioneer men and left their mark in their first official year in Indiana.”

The growth of McCutcheon volleyball was headed by graduating starters senior libero Khelan Patel, middle blocker Jayden Heygood, setter Kieraan Jordan, outside hitter Josh Madsen and outside hitter Malachi Kenner.

Patel, Heygood, Jordan, Madsen and Kenner were the “founding fathers of McCutcheon boys volleyball,” per Crisler.

“They are the true pioneers,” Crisler added. “A lot of what we did this season is because of them. With experiences they had and how they led the younger boys in our program, they should probably have a statue or something like that.”

Patel was a consistent libero who attacked and placed shot receives in playable directions for his offense.

“It just shows the effort and drive we had for the game,” Patel said. “I know all of us who have been playing, we go play during the offseason because of how much we love the sport. We really took it upon ourselves to grow the game, build the program and build what we had within our community at McCutcheon volleyball.”

Jordan distributed the ball as a setter but could also provide an extra body at the net to make blocks or earn kills and points for his team.

“It’s truly something special to be there during the first year and build this thing from the ground up when it wasn’t a fully sanctioned sport,” Jordan said. “It’s just awesome to see it blossom into this and see it expand like football and baseball.”

Jordan and Patel saw the culture grow at McCutcheon through their activity, setting an example for future players to come.

“It shows how much we’ve grown from March 10 and the first day of the season to now,” Jordan said. “We’ve been really focused and bought into the program and this was our goal, to make it to the championship. It showed there was so much focus put into this team.”

Ethan Hanson is the sports reporter for the Journal & Courier in Lafayette. He can be reached at ehanson@jconline.com, on Twitter at EthanAHanson and Instagram at  ethan_a_hanson.





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No phones, greater success for McCutcheon boys volleyball in 2025

WEST LAFAYETTE ― A clear plastic box sat at the base of black backpacks behind the McCutcheon bleachers before the IHSAA boys volleyball sectional championship against Zionsville. It reads in red and yellow ink ‘Phone Box.’ It’s part of the rules established by coach Keith Crisler. Players are required to turn their phones off, which […]

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WEST LAFAYETTE ― A clear plastic box sat at the base of black backpacks behind the McCutcheon bleachers before the IHSAA boys volleyball sectional championship against Zionsville.

It reads in red and yellow ink ‘Phone Box.’

It’s part of the rules established by coach Keith Crisler.

Players are required to turn their phones off, which are collected by team managers and assistant coaches.

His philosophy: the less time spent on phones means more time to communicate with each other in person.

“I want them to be bored,” Crisler said. “They have too many distractions as it is during this day and age with technology and whatnot. If I take away their phones, I take away their distraction. I force them to be with each other and not be distracted by the ‘face snaps’ and ‘insta-webs.'”

Senior setter Kieraan Jordan believes Crisler’s policy translated to the program’s first winning season in history, finishing 15-10 this spring after going 6-18 in 2024.

“It really kept us together on the bus and not really separated,” Jordan said. “Phones are a big distractor. When you can get each other off that and talk to each other, then you can learn about people and you become more attached to them and it creates more growth.”

The only downside to the policy, at least for McCutcheon senior outside hitter Jayden Heygood, was not being able to capture moments digitally.

“I would’ve liked to record those moments so I get to rewatch it,” Heygood said.

While the Phone Box at McCutcheon carried a mix of opinions, the results spoke for themselves.

McCutcheon made its first IHSAA sectional title in history, losing to a powerful Zionsville team. All six players on the court talked and yelled, shouting ball placements, positions and communicating plays in the seconds where rallies occurred.

“It was tough at first, but I honestly don’t mind it,” Patel said. “It gives us good team bonding so on away games, we put our phones on the bus and we get them back for 20 minutes. It was at first kind of annoying to not have our phones, but after a while, it was nice to talk to the guys on the team and it was really good bonding.”

With this method, Crisler took boredom and turned it into a learning lesson for an entire season.

“In that boredom they bonded, they make things up and they get a chance to be kids,” Crisler said. “That’s what I want out there and that changed the team as a whole.”

Ethan Hanson is the sports reporter for the Journal & Courier in Lafayette. He can be reached at ehanson@jconline.com, on Twitter at EthanAHanson and Instagram at  ethan_a_hanson.





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Charlize Tungol – The Daily Aztec

Four years ago, landing in San Diego was the last thing I would have imagined doing before graduating high school. At the time, I had committed to Emerson College for journalism. My cousin just graduated from there, and she just landed a job at NBC in New York. Growing up, all I […]

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Four years ago, landing in San Diego was the last thing I would have imagined doing before graduating high school. At the time, I had committed to Emerson College for journalism. My cousin just graduated from there, and she just landed a job at NBC in New York. Growing up, all I wanted to do was be her; to me, it seemed like I was getting close.

 

Next thing you know, I fell in love with Boston and the whole walkable big city aspect. I got into music journalism, and I couldn’t stop spending my money on general admission concert tickets in the area. It was such a fitting city for the arts, and at the time, it felt like home. Come July 2022, I had to make the last-minute decision to transfer back home and attend community college due to the school’s high costs.

 

My hometown, San Jose, California, became my home once again for my sophomore year, which was surprisingly refreshing instead of feeling all too familiar. I was on the women’s soccer team, which felt really nice since I hadn’t touched a ball since my last high school season. I got a job with the school’s marketing department and kicked off the first social media campaign it ever had. It felt good to feel like I was giving back to my community instead of finding my way around a new city on the other side of the country.

 

Then came graduation, and I had to ask myself – Where should I go next? Where is the right place to start over?

 

I looked at San Diego State University, since it was a good school that:

1.) Was still in California 

2.) Affordable 

3.) Had a journalism program that felt right for me. 

 

As soon as I got accepted, I knew that was where I was going to continue my journey.

 

Once I moved to San Diego, I felt like I had a lot of catching up to do. I spent the last two years figuring it out, and now I really had to pick it up and start to establish myself and what I want my career to look like. I knew I wanted to be an entertainment journalist, but didn’t really have a particular niche that I felt fully confident in.

 

I took a Sports Journalism class on a whim. I thought it would satisfy my desire to stay tied to sports while also allowing me to see where my writing skills could take me. I wrote about sports that I had never reported on before, from college basketball to professional women’s volleyball. Covering the inaugural season of the San Diego Mojo led me to opportunities I never thought would come across my lap – working in PR, writing a feature for the San Diego Union-Tribune, getting to meet Joe Musgrove and Jordan Love – the list goes on.

 

Looking over NIL and partnership contracts then got me interested in law. I joined the Pre-Law Society with the help of my intramural soccer teammate and gained the confidence to view law as a way to contribute to the field of sports with my desire to build player relationships. Not knowing what I was getting myself into, I ran for executive board. I was nearing my senior year, and I thought I could use some university leadership experience to add to my belt. And to my surprise, I ended up winning the race for secretary.

 

The same thing applied to the Daily Aztec. It made the most sense to go to school for journalism and take an editor role for the school newspaper. Being selected as Social Media Editor for my senior year, all while balancing other prior commitments, felt overwhelming to say the least. Senior year is usually supposed to be more laid back and relaxing, and it seemed like I combined the workload of the last three years into one.

 

Nonetheless, I wouldn’t have traded it for the world. I take every experience and opportunity of mine with so much gratitude. And I believe that I wouldn’t have been offered it if I couldn’t handle it all. 

 

It was that dedication and perseverance that led me to win the Outstanding Media Studies Student award for the 2024-2025 year. As a transfer student, I always thought my contribution to the school and its journalism program would be minimal. With this award I have realized that no matter how long I’m a part of a program and where on the map it is, I’m always going to push myself and make a difference in the communities that I am a part of. 

 

But, as always, I would like to thank my parents and my family. I’ve never met a more supportive group of people who keep me grounded and motivated to keep moving forward. Through the ups and downs and the struggles with financial aid and navigating the first-generation student experience, I truly couldn’t have done it without them. It is my hope that I have inspired my little brothers and my younger cousins to follow in my footsteps and take advantage of higher education and the freedom of choice that our parents and grandparents didn’t have when moving to the United States.

 

I would also like to thank every single one of my professors for granting me the opportunity to learn and grow from their curricula and feedback, and passing along their years of expertise onto me. Thank you to all of my mentors for helping a lost, young adult find herself, her voice, and her passions in a short span of four years. Thank you to all of my peers for cheering me on and offering your helping hands in a time when we were all figuring it out together. 

 

And with that, I leave SDSU with a heart full of gratitude, hope, and love. Thank you for the most amazing last two years and for helping me become the person I am today. Go Aztecs!



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USA Volleyball announces U.S. Girls U19 National team roster

USA Volleyball has selected 19 athletes to compete for a spot on the 12-player roster for the 2025 FIVB Girls U19 World Championships. That event will be held July 2-13 in both Croatia and Serbia, where USA will be in Pool C with Turkey, Bulgaria, Poland, Peru and Spain. The 19 players selected on the […]

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USA Volleyball has selected 19 athletes to compete for a spot on the 12-player roster for the 2025 FIVB Girls U19 World Championships.

That event will be held July 2-13 in both Croatia and Serbia, where USA will be in Pool C with Turkey, Bulgaria, Poland, Peru and Spain.

The 19 players selected on the initial list will train June 1-7 in Colorado Springs, Colorado. At the end of that week, 12 players will be selected for the competition roster.

In preparation for the FVIB event, the USA roster will compete June 26-30 in the Netherlands.

“This year’s roster includes an ideal mix of returning athletes alongside some exciting new faces making their international debut,” Head Coach Keegan Cook said. “It’s a physical group with unique positional flexibility, both of which will help us compete against the best teams in the world.”

The U.S. Girls U19 National Team is the reigning world champion, having won the event in 2023.

The initial roster includes 4 from Texas, 3 from Florida and 2 from North Carolina and Indiana.

The Texan group includes four all-state players from 2024: Henley Anderson from Dripping Springs, Suli Davis from Colleyville Heritage, Jordan Taylor from Houston Langham Creek and Macaria Spears from Plano Prestonwood Christian Academy.

Spears is a two-time Gatorade Player of the Year from Texas and will play at Texas. Taylor will head to Minnesota after being the District 16-6A Outstanding Blocker of the Year three times. Davis, the 2025 PrepVolleyball Player of the Year, is at BYU. 

Anderson is a junior in high school and has committed to Texas. 

From the Sunshine State, Lily Hayes, Kelly Kinney and Izzy Mogridge made the initial list.

Hayes has signed to play at Florida after competing at Berkeley Prep and is from Tampa. Kinney, who play at The Kings Academy and hails from West Palm Beach, will join Taylor at Minnesota.

Mogridge, a high school teammate of Hayes at Berkeley Prep, is from Lutz. She was the Class 3A player of the year and signed with Tennessee.

Kelly Kinney

King’s Academy Bella Pons, left, and Kelly Kinney defend the net against Jupiter on September 5, 2024 in West Palm Beach, Florida. / GREG LOVETT/THE PALM BEACH POST / USA TODAY NETWORK

From North Carolina, Genevieve Harris and Gabrielle Nichols made the initial roster.

Harris, from Cardinal Gibbons, is a junior who has committed to Texas. Nichols played the last two years at Ronald Reagan High School in Pfafftown. The Penn State signee started her high school in New York but moved when her father, Demetris Nichols, was hired as an assistant coach for the Wake Forest men’s basketball team.

From the Hoosier state is Logan Bell and Charlotte Vinson.

Bell, from Beech Grove, was the Gatorade Player of the Year in Indiana and led Roncalli High School to a 35-0 record and the Class 3A state championship in 2024. She has signed to play at Kansas. 

Vinson, who attended Yorktown, was the 2024 Indiana Ms. Volleyball. She is staying in-state and will play at Indiana.

Other players selected:

Anderson, Bell, Davis, Harris, Hoppe, Kinney, Warren and Wiest were on the 2024 U19 national team. Spears, Kinney and Davis were also on the 2023 U19 team. 



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Never too old to learn the ABCs of swimming and water safety – The Vacaville Reporter

Soaking wet and smiling as they stood poolside at the Walter Graham Aquatic Center in Vacaville, mother and daughter Maria Alvarez and Sue Ortiz shared more than just their participation in the Adult Learn to Swim program. They each had clear memories of fear they felt as children when they entered the water for the […]

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Soaking wet and smiling as they stood poolside at the Walter Graham Aquatic Center in Vacaville, mother and daughter Maria Alvarez and Sue Ortiz shared more than just their participation in the Adult Learn to Swim program.

They each had clear memories of fear they felt as children when they entered the water for the first time — and not by choice.

Alvarez, 52, of Fairfield, recalled being 14, forced into the water, thinking she would drown. Saturday was the first time since that scary moment that she decided to do a swimsuit and goggles and lower herself into a pool.

Ortiz, 34, also of Fairfield, remembered as a 7-year-old being pushed by her cousins into Lake Berryessa. Likewise, she had avoided anything like a pool or lake since.

That is, until Charmaine Lee, a retired Vacaville Unified kindergarten teacher, assured them they would be comfortable and do well during the first of two free weekend 30-minute sessions, with the other scheduled for Sunday. The lessons are a collaboration between the city of Vacaville and the Vacaville Swim Club.

Speaking calmly to the women once in the water, Lee, a Masters swimmer, started with the fundamental lesson: breath control, essentially the “baby step” of overcoming fear of water.

Outfitted with goggles, Alvarez and Ortiz followed Lee’s instructions about breathing and bobbing, including the step-by-step immersion of the chin, nose, face, and head. Next came the blowing of bubbles on the water’s surface and also blowing more bubbles with their faces submerged.

Then came the bobbing, five times, with their hands on the pool’s side, then five times freestanding in about 3 feet of water, all done at the shallow end of the pool. The result? Success, smiles and encouragement all around.

Lee did a quick review and then moved the pair on to Step 2: frontal floating, “recovery” from a horizontal to a vertical stance. After reviewing Steps 1 and 2, Lee began Step 3, the back float, as the noontime air under clear skies reached the mid-70s.

“I’m a floater,” said Lee, as she demonstrated a back float, her face skyward, her arms outstretched from her sides.

By turns Alvarez and Ortiz turned onto their backs, with Lee supporting each woman with her own hands, their faces skyward and arms outstretched. “How’s that feel?” she asked.

And the first day’s lessons came to an end, to be followed Sunday with the “water arm cycle,” front glide, kick, arm cycle and recovery and rolling over in the water. And there would be more during the second 30-minute session: “air exchange,” a single arm stroke, freestyle with one breath and recovery, rollover, freestyle with additional breaths, and swimming into deeper water, and jumping into the water.

Once out of the pool, the two women clearly had overcome their fears of water and appeared ready for more lessons.

“I’m very confident,” said Alvarez. “Charmaine is a good instructor.”

“I liked it,” said Ortiz. “I’m more confident in the water.”

To any adult who wants to learn how to swim, she added, “I would say, ‘Face your fears.’ ”

And for Alvarez, learning how to swim will mean she can share the skill with her grandchildren, who already know how to swim, she said.

Mark Frazier, a retired Vacaville Unified administrator, started an Adult Learn to Swim program (ALTS) two years ago because, he said, some 30 to 35 percent of adults do not know how to swim.

During the lessons, one Masters swimmer, like Lee or Frazier and his wife, Lisa, is assigned to one or three adults. The free outreach program’s aim, said Frazier, is to encourage some of novice adult swimmers to sign up for additional lessons, for a fee, during the summer, starting June 16.

During the summer, Frazier organizes two types of classes that meet three times per week for two weeks. Level 1 is for adults “who are anxious around water and feel like they do not have any swimming skills,” he said “We start with the basics of breath control, floating, kicking, and basic beginning stroke development.”

Level 2 is for adults “who can get in the water but would like to learn more and become more proficient with swimming,” he said. Sign-ups are available at www.cityofvacaville.gov/rec.

Swim instructor Charmaine Lee helps Maria Alvarez and Sue Ortiz practice going underwater during free adult swim lessons at the Walter V. Graham Aquatic Center on Saturday. (Chris Riley/The Reporter)
Swim instructor Charmaine Lee helps Maria Alvarez and Sue Ortiz practice going underwater during free adult swim lessons at the Walter V. Graham Aquatic Center on Saturday. (Chris Riley/The Reporter)

Frazier, who swam competitively at Merced College and later at San Diego State University, said most of the adults seek the ALTS lessons “because they want to become water-safe and learn how to swim.”

“Most of the adults also share that their children know how to swim, but they do not,” he added. “Many of the adults did not have the opportunity to swim because there was not a lot of available pool space to learn or they did not have access to lessons when younger or when they were older. Most of the adults we have had in lessons have to start from the very beginning: becoming acclimated to the water, becoming comfortable with their face in the water and blowing bubbles.”

In the past two years, the novice adult swimmers in his classes have ranged in age from their 20s to “up into their 70s,” said Frazier, 66, a certified lifeguard and coach through the Masters and the U.S. Swimming programs.

During the summer, the lessons for adults last six sessions over a two-week period, enough time, he added, to witness “good improvement in all of our swimmers, and we start where they feel comfortable and move on from that point.”

While the ALTS lesson do not cover lifesaving techniques, the instructors teach adults how to be more water safe and how they can be safe in the water.

“We teach them how they can stay afloat and move in the water if they happen to find themselves in the water without a flotation device,” Frazier said. “But we do discuss being water safe and how to be proactive in thinking about water safety.”

His hope after the two-day weekend lessons is for the adults to “see personal improvement having overcome any anxiousness or fear about being in the water. From there, I hope they are motivated to take additional lessons in order to learn more.”

During the last two years of the summer lessons, Frazier said all the adults “have felt a sense of accomplishment in overcoming their fear of the water and improving in their water and swimming skills. We have had a few of our swimmers even move on the the Masters swim program. In two weeks you can see a lot of progress.”

Frazier said he grew up swimming and played water polo in college. And during his undergraduate and postgraduate days, he worked as a lifeguard, taught swim lessons, and coached swimmers.

When he started working in Vacaville Unified, he served as the swim and water polo coach at Will C. Wood High for many years while also working as the school psychologist. Just before retiring, he started coaching swimming again at Wood and continues to do so.

Mark Frazier explains details of a state school dashboard in this Reporter file image. (Richard Bammer/The Reporter)
Mark Frazier explains details of a state school dashboard in this Reporter file image. (Richard Bammer/The Reporter)

When Frazier moved into district administration, he worked as a district administrator in the roles of assessment coordinator, director of special assignments, and as director of academic advancement.

When not teaching swimming, Frazier helps to care for two granddaughters a couple days a week. He also serves as a commissioner on the Vacaville Parks and Recreation Commission and has been working with some city staffers on other events, such as the Vaca Triathlon for kids (as a volunteer).

Of teaching adults to learn to swim, Frazier said that, more than anything, the emotional rewards are considerable when “working with adults and watching them overcome their fear, realize they can improve, and seeing how much they can learn over the course of their lessons.”



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